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Lesson 5

Lesson 5. XHTML Tags , Attributes and Structure. XHTML Basic Structure head and body titles Paragraph headings comments Document Presentation Manipulating Text Font Font Style Images Horizontal Rule Lists Unordered Lists Ordered Lists. Tags.

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Lesson 5

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  1. Lesson 5

  2. XHTML Tags , Attributes and Structure XHTML Basic Structure • head and body • titles • Paragraph • headings • comments Document Presentation • Manipulating Text • Font • Font Style • Images • Horizontal Rule Lists • Unordered Lists • Ordered Lists

  3. Tags The <html> tag identifies a document as an HTML document. All HTML documents must start with the </html> tag and end with the </html> tag. An xmlns - XML namespace - is also included as part of the html tag. The namespace declaration is considered to apply to the element where it is specified and to all elements within the content of that element. Using <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> will apply the XHTML namespace to all elements within the HTML document.

  4. Text Formatting Note that in HTML we have: • Logical Tags • Physical Tags • Alignment and misc. tags Logical Tags are used to format text without specifying the exact appearance of the text. The exact appearance of the text is left to the browsers to define. Examples are the <em> emphasis</em and the <strong>strong</strong> tags. Physical Tags specify the exact appearance of text. The challenge here is to know which browsers support which tags vs. the desire by web designers to have more control on text formatting. Alignment and misc tags are specifically used to give the desired alignment and to display special characters or text.

  5. Text effects • <b></b> • <i></i> • <em></em> preferred to <i> • <strong></strong> preferred to <b> Why? some people listen to web pages or read them in braille, while others use a browser that can not display bold or italic. Note: • <u></u> • Don’t use since it looks like a hyperlink

  6. HTML has the instructions (tags, speciali characters, etc) and tries to make web pages complaint with current and older Browsers XHTML Uses stylesheets but older browsers don't understand stylesheets

  7. Other special characters include the: • <sub> subscript • <sup> superscript • &frac14

  8. Changing fonts: <font face=“fontname1, fontname2”>write text here</font> Font is a deprecated tag.  Stylesheets Font Style  Stylesheets Need to remove Document Presentation from Document Structure

  9. Unordered Lists • Unordered Lists • Are lists without any order and are rendered with a line break and a bullet symbol

  10. Ordered and Nested Lists • Ordered Lists • Nested Lists

  11. Review True True/False Every XHTML document contains a start <HTML> tag and an end </HTML> Web browsers typically underline text hyperlinks and color them grey by default False The color is blue

  12. Review True True/False Every img element in a valid XHTML document must have an alt attribute The img element is an example of an empty element True

  13. Review True True/False The hr element inserts a line break above and below the horizontal line Unordered list element ul creates a list in which each item in the list begins with a square symbol False A bullet symbol unless otherwise specified

  14. Review True/False XHTML provides special characters in the form &code; for representing characters that cannot be marked up. True The <blockquote> works almost identical to the <p> except the whole paragraph will be indented one tab - 3 spaces. False 5 spaces

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