Authentic Technology leveraging the Third Generation Economy that can effectively tackle the systemic socio-economic

1. Z E R I Zero Emission Research Initiative AuthenticTechnologyleveraging the ThirdGenerationEconomythatcaneffectivelytackle the systemicsocio-economiccrisis of today: PRODUCING MORE WITH LESS SONGHAI CENTER Rev. Fr. Godfrey Nzamujoo.p., DIRECTOR SONGHAI

2. PILLARS OF THE THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION • DISTRUTED ENERGY • INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY • MICROBIOME (BIOMIMICRY) • FROM BIT TO ATOM

6. BUSINESS AS USUAL IS NO LONGER ACCEPTABLE • The first step in solving our problem is to realize that the crisis we are facing today is totally different from what we have seen before. It is not just one or two problems scattered here and there. This crisis is global and multifaceted. • Interestingly these crises (food security, social, environmental etc), seem to be all connected- suggesting that we have before us, a systemic problem that requires a holistic and broad based approach. • Unfortunately most of the solutions we have seen so far seem to be piecemeal and symptomatic therapies that hardly work. We are operating from a mechanistic paradigm developed centuries ago. In the best cases, these solutions are simply band aid endeavors. In most cases however, they end up creating more problems.

7. But today, more and more people are realizing that we have hit a point in history that calls for changes that are deeper than any “revolution” we have heard about. • It is getting clearer that the solutions to our problems can no longer be found in the present day logic. We need a radical shift not just in our vision of the world or our mentality and how we think, but in every sphere of our lives - From the way we see ourselves and relate to each other, from our relationship with the environment to our scientific and technical orientations, from our production systems to the ways we exchange and consume our products and services.

8. IT SHOULD BE NEW WINE IN A NEW WINE SKIN • Modern sciences among other sources, including the neurosciences are providing us with fundamentally different and refreshing frameworks on our human dynamics and that of our planet. • From these sources, a systemic paradigm called BIO-MIMICRY has emerged with completely new and different technological orientations. This paradigm challenges us and engages us to learn from the basic principles of the workings of our planet for more than three billion years. • We believe that from seeing our planet from this world view, we will be in a better position to design and re-engineer our way out of these crises. This new paradigm has to be appropriated and deployed if we are really committed to creating designing and inventing organizations, industries, economic activities that would solve our present day problems.

9. Some of the principles at play in this new paradigm are: • Synergy, • Symbiosis • Complementarity, Collaboration and • Suplementarity The Songhai initiative is basically the harnessing of these principles to invent and develop new and appropriate technological and developmental trajectories. It is an integrated development system that organically creates dynamic linkages and synergy between Agriculture, Industry and services - and also within each of these sub-systems. • The basis of Sustainability is: PRODUCING MORE WITH LESS

10. It must be noted that this agriculture will no longer be primarily a chemical process like the conventional Agriculture, but largely a biological process - where our incredible environmental and biological capitals would be fully engaged and harnessed. • We have therefore to relearn the way we practice agriculture. From the way we view the soil and its fertility, through the way we maintain, nourish and protect our plants and animals to the way we condition and market them.

11. Z E R I ZERO EMISSION RESEARCH INITIATIVE PRODUCING MORE WITH LESS

12. O2 O2 O2 CO2 CO2 CO2 H2O SUN LIGHT SUN LIGHT Transpiration Transpiration Transpiration LIVESTOCK FEED GASIFIER BIOGAS COMPOST RECYCLING

13. SONGHAI GREEN REVOLUTION Effective Microorganisms Effective Microorganisms Effective Microorganisms Effective Microorganisms Effective Microorganisms

14. Effective Microorganisms

15. THE FUNDAMENTALS OF SONGHAI GREEN REVOLUTION • The world needs a comprehensive approach that tries to meet our present day needs in a holistic manner thanks to the deployment of Authentic Technologies • This initiative would develop agriculture as a multifunctional endeavor that must: 1) Produce sufficient, safe, wholesome food for healthy living, healthy aging and disease prevention for an ever increasing population. 2) Be economically and spiritually beneficial to both the consumers and producers. 3) It must be sustainable and easily practiced by anyone. 4) Conform to, enhance and protect the environment. 5) Be an Energy source instead of primarily an energy sink.

16. In other words, we must harness the opportunity sets in Africa (Environmental capital) and turn the rural sector around to become productive, efficient and remunerative with the view to seriously tackling the employment problem, triggering off the other sectors and considerably slowing down the massive rural exodus in the region. In other words, it is imperative to make our Rural Sector sustainable and competitive. This is an inescapable pathway to a viable, broad-based and inclusive economy in the region.

17. INTEGRATED AUTHENTIC AGRICULTURE Agriculture begins with the process of photosynthesis of plants-that requires: a)Solar Energy, b) water and c) CO2 All of which are freely available It is like production of something from nothing: Producing MORE with LESS The Conventional Agriculture is inefficient. This is due to the low utilization of Solar Energy and its transfer through the trophic levels. The potential utilization of Solar Energy is estimated to be between 10-20%

18. However the actual utilization rate is less than 1%. Even C4 plants such as Corn + Sugar cane which have heavier rates of carbon fixation, utilize approximately 6-7%. In general, the utilization rate of photosynthesis is lower than 3% even under conditions that produce optimal yields. But, we are learning that the photosynthetic efficiency of chloroplast of most crops cannot be enhanced much further. The biomass productivity of these crops has reached a maximum. The best opportunity for increasing biomass production is to utilize the visible light which cannot be used by chloroplasts and also the infrared radiation, which together account for approximately 80 % of total Solar Energy.

19. EXPLORE METHODS OF RECYCLING ORGANIC ENERGY CONTAINED IN PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUS THROUGH DIRECT UTILIZATION OF ORGANIC MOLECULES • - In the presence of organic matter, PHOTOTROPHIC bacteria and algae can utilize wavelengths ranging from 700-1,200 nm. Green plants do not use these wave lengths. • Fermenting microbes could also breakdown organic matter, thereby releasing complex compounds such as amino acids for utilization by plants. • All this enhances the efficiency of organic matter as fertilizers in crop production. • Therefore, a key factor for increasing crop production is the availability of organic matter, which has been developed using solar energy and the presence of efficient and effective microbes to decompose the organic matters. • This increases the utilization efficiency of solar energy.

20. The application of organic matter alone to soil does not bring about the desired changes in microbial activities as the species present may not be suitable or are inactive. The external application of suitable (effective) microbes is a must for a successful utilization of applied organic matter

21. HARNESSING OUR ENVIRONMENTAL CAPITAL: THE MICRO-ORGANISMS • Three Groups of Micro-Organisms: • Integrative • Disintegrative • Opportunistic • Integrative: Beneficial/ synthropic group that create ecological relationship: • Producing: Antioxidants, Magnetic wave resonance etc • these include among others a) Lactic acid Bacteria b) photosynthetic bacteria and c) Actinomycetes and mycorrhizal Fungi • Disintegrative: Pathogenic/enthropic group: They work to disintegrate balance and produce disease and oxidation

22. SOIL CLASSIFICATION OF THE BASIS OF MICROFLORA 1- DISEASE INDUCING SOIL : Where the Disintegrative Micro Organisms dominate High population of disease causing microbes (e.g. fusarium). The addition of raw organic matter having high nitrogen contents to the soil produces a foul odor. In addition, larvae of pests develop in these soils. Disease inducing soils. The physical characteristics are not conducive for crop growth. These soils are generally developed with the continued application of high quantities of agrochemicals.

23. 2. DISEASE SUPPRESSION SOILS • Disease causing organisms do not survive in these soils as organism such as Penicillium and Tricoderma which produce antibiotics, exist in disease suppression soils. • The application of raw organic wastes with high quantities of nitrogen does not produce foul odors in these soils. The organic matter is decomposed rapidly and the soil has a fresh sweet smell, similar to that of virgin mountain soils. These soils have very good physical characteristics. Disease and pest incidence of crop is low. However, crop yields are not optimal.

24. 3. ZYMOGENIC SOILS -Contain zymogenic organisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast. When organic matter with high nitrogen contents is supplied, the soil develops an aromatic smell. The population of fermenting fungi such as aspergillus and Rhizopus increase, while those of disease causing organism such as Fusarium decline. The beneficial microbes in these soils produce amino acids, sugars, vitamins and other bioactive substances which promote the growth of crops

25. 4- SYNTHETIC SOILS Contain beneficial microbes such as photosynthetic and nitrogen fixing bacteria. These soils are considered good for crop growth and are often linked up with disease suppression soils. Zymogenic – synthetic soils – A blend of Zymogenic and synthetic soils are ideal for crop production. THIS IS SONGHAI EM - IMO TECHNOLOGY

27. EM consists of Safe and Human-Friendly Microorganisms Which are…

28. Principal microorganism in EM • Lactic Acid Bacteria • Yeast • Phototrophic bacteria

29. Lactic Acid Bacteria LAB decompose organic matter by fermentation and the barrier of Lactic Acid Keeps Harmful Microbes away

30. Yeast Yeast decompose organic matter by fermentation and produce the bioactive Substances such as Hormones and Enzymes

31. Phototrophic Bacteria Hydrogen Sulfide Kitchen Garbage, Animal Shed, Sludge etc. Odorless Ammonia Offensive Smell Decompose Harmful Gases Such as Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide And Change them into Odorless Gases

32. This combination can produce EM POWER!! Lactic Acid Bacteria + Phototrophic Bacteria + Yeast + Indigenous microbes

33. EM The concept of EM Technology Opportunistic Microbes Harmful Microbes Beneficial Microbes

34. The concept of EM Technology Opportunistic Microbes Beneficial Microbes Harmful Microbes

35. Water Infrastructure Water Energy Packaging Refrigeration Accessories Equipment Money Labor Water Labor Ingredients Equipment Infrastructure CONSUMERS MARKET Broilers PROCESSING Infrastructures Quails Day Old Chicks Turkeys Labor HUSBANDRY Ducks Feed Water Waste Water Blood Energy By-products Feather Bones Fat Manure Waste Water Sewage Dead animals CONVENTIONALPOULTRY PRODUCTION CHAIN Processed and packaged meat products Frozen meat COLD STORAGE ABATTOIR Dressed meat CONSUMER LEVEL LOSSES MARKET LEVEL LOSSES STORAGE LEVEL LOSSES

36. POULTRY CHAIN Bio-gas Bio-gas Bio-gas Energy Labor Energy Energy Equipment Packaging Packaging Water PRODUCT STORAGE MEAT SHOP Infrastructure (refrigeration) Infrastructure (refrigeration) Infrastructure Labor Equipment Infrastructure ABATTOIR Smoked Chicken ribs Hams Sausages Bones Waste Water feather Compost Pond Fertilization Fertilization intestine Maggots THE ALTERNATIVE THAT SONGHAI PROPOSES MARKETING Brewery Wastes P ROCE S S I NG INDUSTRY by-products of Food processing PRODUCTION Dressed Poultry - Cake (soya, peanuts, palm kernel, cotton, coco, sunflowers…) - Cassava peelings Live Poultry ANIMAL NUTRITION FISH Fertilization of Water waste water AGRICULTURE aquaculture Manure Maize, Rice, Sorghum, Soya, Moringa, etc BIO-GAS Meat PROCESSING Blood Blood meal ANIMAL NUTRITION AGRICULTURE AQUACULTURE ANIMAL PRODUCTION AGRICULTURE

37. Integrated Production System Crop Production Bio energy Livestock Aquaculture

38. SONGHAI INTEGRATED SYSTEM PrimaryProduction • Crops • Livestock • Fish • Specialty Items Technology Small-MedEnterprise Marketing& Services • “Value Added” • Food Processing • Manufacturing • Construction • Retail • Restaurants • Export

40. USE OF WATER HYANCINTH FOR WATER PURIFICATION AND ENERGY GENERATION

41. GASIFIER OFF GRID ENERGY PRODUCTION BIOGAS

42. CABBAGE TOMATO PAPAYA

43. CORN

44. PINEAPPLE

45. INTENSIVE RICE PRODUCTION

46. ONION

47. LETTUCE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT

48. EXTENSIVE / FREE RANGE GEESE PRODUCTION POULTRY POLYVALENT POULTRY - EGG / MEAT PRODUCTION PIGS

49. AQUACULTURE

50. AGRIC MACHINES PRODUCTION SONGHAI EXPORTING AGRIC MACHINES