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The Nature of Science

The Nature of Science. Experimental Investigations. Making Observations. To make a Data Table : QUANTITATIVE observations. Give your table a TITLE. Observations of Bubble Tubes. Label the type of observation. Make room for recording your DATA. Making Observations.

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The Nature of Science

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  1. The Nature of Science Experimental Investigations

  2. Making Observations To make a Data Table: QUANTITATIVE observations Give your table a TITLE Observations of Bubble Tubes Label the type of observation Make room for recording your DATA

  3. Making Observations To make a Data Chart: QUALITATIVE observations Give your chart a TITLE Observations of Bubble Tubes Label the type of observation Make room for recording your DATA

  4. Facts, Opinions, Inferences • Fact • Is true for everyone • Opinion • Personal belief that is not founded on proof • Inference • Conclusion based on observation

  5. The Pre-experiment Stage Asking Questions Developing Hypotheses

  6. Watch & Listen Carefully

  7. Bubble Tube Questions • Does the color of the liquid make a difference in how fast the bubble moves? • Does the angle of the tube make a difference in how fast the bubble moves? • ?????????

  8. Using Effect & Affect • Does the color of the liquid affect the speed of the bubble? • What is the effect of the color of the liquid on the speed of the bubble? • Does the angle of the tube affect the speed of the bubble? • What is the effect of the angle of the tube on the speed of the bubble?

  9. Hypothesis • If the angle of the tubeincreases, then the speed of the bubble will increase. • If the angle of the tubedecreases, thenspeed of the bubble will increase.

  10. Experimental Stage Designing an Experiment Collecting Data

  11. Watch & Listen Carefully

  12. Designing an Experiment • Identify variables • Independent / manipulated : • Angle of tube • ????? • Dependent / responding: • Speed of bubble • Controlled / constants: • Person timing • Person handling tube • ?????

  13. The Design • What was being changed? • How was it being changed? • What was being measured? • How was it being measured? • How many trials were done?

  14. Making a Data Table Label your specific independent variables Give your table a TITLE The effect of angle on the speed of a bubble Make room for recording the dependent variable

  15. Data Collection IV 1 – color of tube Title IV 2 – Angle of the tube Place to record data or dependent variabls Place to record data or dependent variable

  16. Post Experimental Stage Data Analysis Drawing Conclusions

  17. Watch & Listen Carefully

  18. The Question –Does the angle of the tube affect the time it takes the bubble to move from one end of the tube to another? • TWO independent variables • ANGLE of tube • COLOR of liquid in tube • ONE dependent variable • Time or speed • Controlled variables • Same timer, same ‘flipper’

  19. Data Analysis • Reduce the data • Measures of central tendency • Mean • Median • Mode • Range • Frequency

  20. Graphing the Reduced Data • Line graphs show us change or trends • Why was a line graph an appropriate graph for our data?

  21. Graphing Data Include a descriptive title The effect of ……. Use appropriate scale and interval Include all independent / manipulated variables and label Time of travel (sec) Show dependent / responding variable and unit of measurement Angle 1 Angle 2 Angle 3 Angle of tube

  22. Look for Relationships • Variables are related if one of them changes when the other changes. • If a change in one variable affects the other variable, then the two variables are related to one another. • Direct relationship • Change in the same direction • Indirect relationship • Change in opposite directions

  23. Data Analysis • Look patterns of change • As angles decrease, what happens to the time? • Is this true for all angles? • As angles increase, what happens to the time? • Is this true for all angles? • What kind of comparison can you make with the colors of the tubes?

  24. Drawing Conclusions • Data will support or not support your hypothesis • Hypothesis is rejected or accepted • Never ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ • Answer the original question • Use evidence (data) to back up what you say

  25. Elaborating, Expanding, Applying • Sources of error • What else could be done?

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