Grammar Review

1. Grammar Review English 2 Honors Miss Hill

2. Table of Contents • Parts of Speech • Parts of a Sentence • The Phrase • The Clause • Suggestions for Review

4. lovely theirs humanity frantically near but wow adjective pronoun noun adverb preposition conjunction interjection Identify the parts of speech

6. Identify the parts of the sentence • “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird Subject Complete (Compound) Predicate

8. Identify the parts of the sentence • “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird Subject Complete (Compound) Predicate Direct Objects

9. Classification of Sentences • Declarative - makes a statement • Interrogative - asks a question • Imperative - gives a command, makes request • Exclamatory - expresses strong feeling

10. Identify the parts of the sentence • “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird Subject Complete (Compound) Predicate Direct Objects Exclamatory Sentence

11. The Phrase Types - Prepositional • Prepositional - group of words beginning with a preposition and ending with a noun • Adjective - prepositional phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun • Adverb - prepositional phrase that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb

12. Identify the parts of the sentence • “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird Prepositional Phrase Subject Complete (Compound) Predicate Direct Objects Exclamatory Sentence

13. The Phrase Types - Verbal • Verbal - phrase consisting of a verbal (act like verbs, but not the predicate of a sentence) and its complements or modifiers • Participle - verb form used as adjective • present participle - end in -ing - “waving” • past participle - end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n - “talked” • Participial phrase - phrase that contains a participle and any complements or modifiers

14. The Phrase Types - Participial • “Nodding his head, the defendant acknowledged his guilt.” Participle Direct Object Participial Phrase

15. The Phrase Types - Gerund • Gerund - consists of a gerund (word ending in -ing that is formed from a verb and used as a noun) and any modifiers or complements it may have • can be the subject • can take the place of any noun • Ex - “Reading good books is using time well.” (gerund phrases as subject and predicate nominative)

16. The Phrase Types - Infinitive • Infinitive - verb form, usually preceded by to, that can be used as a noun or a modifier. • “To err is human, to forgive is divine.” • Infinitive Phrase - consists of an infinitive and any complements or modifiers it may have • Unlike other verbals, an infinitive may have a subject as well as complements and modifiers

17. Verbal Phrases • Participial Phrases • Gerund Phrases • Infinitive Phrases

18. The Phrase Types - Appositive • Appositive - noun or pronoun that follows another noun or pronoun to identify or explain it • Appositive phrase - made up of an appositive and its modifiers • “Scout, the daughter of Atticus, was an observant child.”

19. The Phrase Types • Prepositional • Verbal • Participial • Gerund • Infinitive • Appositive

20. The woman with the cat is my sister. Grading papers is what I like to do on Sundays. Satisfied with their revisions, the teacher gave them all As. Prepositional phrase used as an adjective Gerund phrase Past participial phrase Practice with Phrase Types

21. The Clause Types • Independent Clauses • Subordinate Clauses • Adjective Clauses • Noun Clauses • Adverbial Clauses

22. Definition • A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate that is used as part of a sentence • Independent clause - can stand on its own as a simple sentence • Subordinate clause - can NOT stand alone

23. Adjective Clauses • Adjective clauses - subordinate clauses that modify a noun or pronoun • Often begin with relative pronouns • relative pronouns - pronoun that begins a subordinate clause and is related to another word or idea • “The president decorated the astronaut who had orbited the earth.”

24. Noun Clauses • Noun Clauses - subordinate clauses used as a noun • “That he was angry was evident.”

25. Adverbial Clauses • Adverbial Clauses - subordinate clauses that modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb. • “They sat down wherever they could find seats.” • Subordinating conjunction - conjunction that begins an adverbial clause - joins the clause to the rest of the sentence • Ex. - after, although, since, so that

26. Sentence Structures • Simple Sentence - 1 independent clause • Compound Sentence - 2 or more independent clauses, but no subordinate clauses • Complex Sentence - 1 independent clause and at least 1 subordinate clause • Compound-Complex Sentence - 2 or more independent clauses and at least 1 subordinate clause

27. Suggestions for Test Review • Review your notes • Practice writing and identifying the various types of sentences, clauses, phrases, etc. • Go to grammar link on www.blackboard.com under “external links” and practice with site’s quizzes. • Practice with the “Grammar Mastery Review” on pp. 91-94 by Wednesday.

28. Ta Da!!! If you do all of that, you should get an A!