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Phonology

Phonology. Ajarn Teeraporn Plailek Faculty of Education, Suansunandha Rajabhat University. Phonology. The study of sound systems or the patterns of sounds in a language. 1. to discover the sound patterns (both simple and complex) in individual language.

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Phonology

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  1. Phonology Ajarn Teeraporn Plailek Faculty of Education, Suansunandha Rajabhat University

  2. Phonology The study of sound systems or the patterns of sounds in a language. 1. to discover the sound patterns (both simple and complex) in individual language. 2. to find out the general principles that underlie the patterns of sounds across all languages. The aims of phonology are

  3. The different distribution of English and Thai sounds • English land /lænd/ feel /fi:l/ • Thai and /lɛ/ play /le:n/ • English song /sɒŋ/ , /sɔ:ŋ/ hang /hæŋ/ • Thai work/ŋa:n/ busy/juŋ/ /ŋ/ /l/

  4. Phoneme The basic form of a sound that is stored in speakers ’mind. A different ways of pronouncing a single phoneme depending on the context in which it occurs. Allophone The allophones of a phoneme form a set of sounds that (1) do not change the meaning of a word, (2) are all very similar to one another, and (3) occur in phonetic contexts different from one another

  5. Contrastive distribution For two sounds to be contrastive, replacing one with the other in a word can change the meaning of the word. A pair of words distinct meanings that differ only in one sound in the same position. Minimal pair a. kick[ kIk] : pick [pIk] b. cat[ kæt] : cap[ kæp] c. stray [ streI] : spray [spreI] Minimal pairs are very useful in identifying the phonemes of a language. If two sounds occur in a minimal pair, they are contrastive sounds and they represent different phonemes in a language.

  6. They are non- contrastive distribution 1. Complementary distribution 2. Free variation

  7. 1. Complementary distribution Allophones of a single phoneme do not appear in the same phonetic environment. a. till [ tIl ] b. tea [ tI: ] c. tick [ tIk ] a. still [ stIl ] b. strong [ strɒŋɡə(r)] , [ strɔ:ŋɡər] c. stick [ stIk ]

  8. Three allophones are the different ways of pronouncing the phoneme /t/ in different phonetic environments

  9. 2. Free variation Allophones of a single phoneme may appear in the same phonetic environment but they do not cause a difference in a word’s meaning.

  10. English • Phoneme /p/ • Allophones [ph] [ p ] • Phoneme /t/ • Allophones [th] [ t ] • Phoneme /k/ • Allophones [kh] [ k]

  11. Thai • Phoneme /p/ / ph/ • Allophones [p] [ph] • Phoneme /t/ / th/ • Allophones [t] [th] • Phoneme /k/ / kh/ • Allophones [k] [kh]

  12. Phonemes belong to the more abstract level. They cannot be directly observed in speech. • Allophonesbelong to the more concrete level. They are the ways of pronunciation of a single phoneme in a variety of phonetic contexts. • Theallophones must be phonetically similar, that is, they must share most phonetic features when a phoneme is associated with more than one allophone. • For example: • while [ th ], [ t ], and [ d ] differ in aspirated and voicing, they are • produced at the same place and by the same manner of articulation. • Pronunciation is not a random process; it is systematic and rule-governed. • Allophonesarepredictable.

  13. THANK YOU

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