第七部分实地勘验

第七部分实地勘验

Legal Justifications For Keeping Others Out Of Your Scene • Only authorized persons should enter scene合法授权的侦查员 • Justifications for denying access: • PC 30.05 Criminal Trespass • PC 37.09 Tampering with evidence • CCP 49.22 Sealing premises of deceased

What is a Crime Scene Search?现场的搜查 DO NOT ENTER CRIME SCENE It is a planned and coordinated “legal” search of the crime scene to locate physical evidence, suspects, or witnesses to the crime. 为追寻物证、犯罪嫌疑人或证人，对犯罪现场进行合法搜查，这是一项有计划的、需要精诚合作的刑事司法活动。

Crime Scene SearchLegal considerations法律因素 • Justifications for conducting a warrant less search at a crime scene搜查令 • Existence of exigent circumstances特殊情形存在 • A need to prevent immediate loss or destruction 防止损失或毁坏的扩大 • Search of property within immediate control 立即控制搜寻财物 • A search made by consent of involved parties 经相对人同意而进行的搜索

VITAL ELEMENTS OF A CONSENT TO SEARCH 合意搜查的要件 • THE CONSENT MUST BE GIVEN BY A PERSON WHO HAS CAPACITY OR AUTHORITY TO WAIVE THEIR FOURTH AMMENDMENT RIGHT 必须由有能力或权力的人，才能放弃宪法赋予的第四项权利； • THE CONSENT MUST BE GIVEN FREELY & VOLUNTARILY 合意必须自由和自愿地作出； • CONSENT TO CONTINUE THE SEARCH CAN BE WITHDRAWN AT ANY TIME 该合意可由权利人在任何时候撤销；

What are your Crime Scene Search Objectives?现场搜查的目标 • Determine if a crime has been committed所犯何罪 • Determine where the crime was committed (primary and secondary scenes）何处犯罪 • Determine who committed the crime何人犯罪 • Determine how the crime was committed (MO)如何犯罪 • Determine why the crime was committed为何犯罪 • Determine when the crime was committed何时犯罪

Procedure for a Crime Scene Search现场搜查的程序 • Consider type of crime, locale, and size of area犯罪类型、划定范围 • Assign one person to be in charge of search确定负责人 • Make search personnel aware of specifics (what are you looking for)目标确定 • Make assignments in writing if necessary (some police are a little on the slow side)记录人员 • Determine search method方法路径 • Consider personnel and equipment needed人员设备 • Critical-ensure safety of personnel conducting search确保搜查人员的安全

Approach Scene现场搜查的方法 • Look for discarded evidence寻找散落的证据 • Make pertinent notes记录指纹 • Realize need to treat site as a scene认识到定位现场的必要 • Safety and rescue take priority控制犯罪现场 • When re-entering scene, use same path 重新进入现场时，使用同一路线

Initiate Preliminary Survey初步查验A walk through by officer in charge检控官的步行察看 • Preliminary Photos are taken 概貌照相 • Organize search priorities and procedures 组织搜查 • Determine personnel and equipment makeassignments 配备方案的人员和设备 • Protect transient physical evidence 保护提取的物证 • Make extensive notes • 扩展记录

SEARCHING THE SCENE现场搜查 Determine the Search Method 选择搜查方法

CRIME SCENE SEARCH PROCEEDURES 犯罪现场搜查的方法 • STRIP (LINE) SEARCH • 线性搜索法： • AMONG THE MOST EFFECTIVE FOR OUTDOOR • SEARCHES • 适用于大部分的室外现场； • STAKES AND LINES ARE USEFUL IN SETTING UP • LANES IN WHICH TO NARROW FIELD OF SEARCH • 在对犯罪现场进行分区并细化现场的过程中，划线是可行的； • NATURAL LANDMARKS MAY BE USED AS • BOUNDARIES OR LANE MARKERS. • 自然的地标能作为现场边界或现场分区的标界使用。

Crime Scene Search Methods Strip Search单向推进搜索

CRIME SCENE SEARCH PROCEEDURES • GRID SEARCH • 交叉搜索 • SIMILAR TO STRIP (LINE), EXCEPT ALL FOUR • COMPASS DIRECTIONSARE SEARCHED. • 与单向推进搜索基本相同，但它是从四个方向进行现场搜索， • EXAMPLE: SEARCH NORTH TO SOUTH THEN EAST • TO WEST.

Crime Scene Search Methods Grid Search交叉搜索

CRIME SCENE SEARCH PROCEEDURES • SPIRAL SEARCH • 螺旋式搜索 • THIS TYPE OF SEARCH IS USEFUL WHEN AN ITEM • IS MISSING FROM THE CENTER AND THE SEARCH • MUST BE CONDUCTED RAPIDLY. • 当物品从中心现场遗失时，该方法非常有效，它必须快速进行； • THE SEARCH MAY BEGIN IN THE INSIDE OR THE • OUTSIDE AS THE CIRCUMSTANCES DICTATE. • 该种搜索方式对室内现场和室外现场都适用。

Crime Scene Search Methods Spiral Search螺旋式搜索

CRIME SCENE SEARCH PROCEEDURES • QUADRANT OR ZONE SEARCH分片分段搜索 • THIS TYPE OF SEARCH IS EFFECTIVE FOR INDOOR • AND OUTDOOR SCENES THAT HAVE REGULAR • PATTERNS OR DEFINED BORDERS. • 对于室内现场和那些有形状或有固定边界的现场特有效； • B. PERMITS DIFFERENT TYPES OF SEARCHES IN • DIFFERENT SECTORS. • 在不同的区域内，允许使用不同的具体方法。 • EXAMPLE: BUILDINGS INTO ROOMS • Excellent for searching vehicles

Crime Scene Search Methods Quadrant or Zone Search

第七部分 实地勘验