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Acoustic Drum Exploration

This research project explores the ideal membrane model of acoustic drums and investigates the effects of different factors such as drum shell, drum heads, tuning, resonant head, distance, and hardware. The study aims to understand deviations from the ideal model and their impact on drum sound.

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Acoustic Drum Exploration

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  1. Acoustic Drum Exploration Ted Argo IV University of Oregon Targo@gladstone.uoregon.edu Working with Prof. Steve Errede University of Illinois REU 2002 -A Basis for Investigation- http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos/MembraneCircle/Circle.html

  2. Overview • Ideal membrane model • Sound analysis setup • Effects of deviations from the ideal model • Conclusions

  3. Ideal Membrane Model • Circular Membranes vibrate in certain resonant modes. • Boundary must be fixed. • Fractionally related.  Fundamental (0,1) Mode Second (1,1) Mode  http://www.gmi.edu/~drussell/Demos/MembraneCircle/Circle.html

  4. Modes of Vibration http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/music/cirmem.html

  5. Computer LabPC Card Microphone Drum Sound Analysis Setup

  6. Sampling Parameters Data Saving Entries Oscilloscope Trace FFT Graph Peak Detection LabVIEW Setup

  7. Effect 1: The Drum Shell • Each shell has specific resonances. • Shells are made from many different materials. • Gretsch 13” x 9” Tom • Resonates at 556 hz, 992 hz, 1549 hz, and 1844 hz. www.repercussions.org/ 8gretch_jpg.jpg

  8. Effect 2: Single Heads • Distance test • Center, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 inches from center as test points. • Evans Genera G1: • 1 ply drum head. • Closest to ideal membrane model. • Evans Genera G2: • 2 plies with a trapped oil layer. • Large deviation from ideal membrane. www.drum-set.biz/

  9. Effect 3: Sticks • Different tip shapes and materials may cause different harmonics to appear. • Vic Firth Test Sticks: • 5B – Average weight and shape for a band. • 5BN – A 5B with a Nylon Tip. • Gregg Bissonette – Thicker and heavier than a 5B. http://www.vicfirth.com/product/manu-facturing/manufacturingmain9.html#

  10. Effect 4: Tuning • Tuning pattern is important to ideal model. • Different Tensions cause different harmonics. • Each variable tested at 4-5 different tensions. Drum Head Tuning Pattern

  11. Effect 5: Resonant Head • By adding a second head,many new resonances appear. • Both heads have individual resonances. • There are beats between the two heads creating more internal frequencies.

  12. Effect 6: Distance • The distance from the center at which the head is struck determines its sound. • Distance tests at 6 distances: • Every inch from center. • Each other test at 3 distances: • Center, 2 inches, and 4 inches.

  13. Other Considerations • Hardware on the shell • Interrupts sound path. • Damps shell resonances. • Bearing edge • Variously pointed or rounded edges. • Changes coupling of head to shell. • May change boundary conditions of ideal membrane. Bearing edges and hardware www.acousticdrums.com/ members/refinish.html

  14. Conclusions • The ideal membrane model does not hold for a complex drum system. • There are many different deviations from the ideal model. • Some real-world playing preferences are observable. • More tests can be performed on different equipment. • This is the low-cost easy-accessibility solution.

  15. Acknowledgments • Prof. Steve Errede – Project Advisor. • Nicole Drummer – Equipment and ideas. • Adam Kempton and Eric Moon – Sharing Lab Space. • University of Illinois – Hosting the REU program. • The National Science Foundation:This material is based upon work supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 9987906. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

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