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Energy

Energy. The ability to do work or make change. Temperature. Is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. We measure temperature in Celsius (˚c) Freezing point of water- 0˚c Boiling point of water- 100˚c Kinetic Energy- is the energy of motion.

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Energy

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  1. Energy The ability to do work or make change.

  2. Temperature • Is the measure of the average kinetic energy of particles of matter. • We measure temperature in Celsius (˚c) • Freezing point of water- 0˚c • Boiling point of water- 100˚c • Kinetic Energy- is the energy of motion. • It is the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.

  3. Thermal Energy • Thermal energy is the internal energy in substances. • Also known as heat or radiant energy. • It is the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. • The more thermal energy in a substance, the faster the atoms and molecules vibrate and move.

  4. Four States of Matter The physical forms in which a substance can exist • Solid • Liquid • Gas • Plasma

  5. Solid State • Solids have a definite shape and volume • Particles of the substance are very close together • Two types of solids: • Crystalline • Amorphous

  6. Crystalline Solids • Crystalline solids have a very orderly, three-dimensional arrangement of atoms or molecules. Particles repeat in patterns or rows • Example: diamonds, salt ,sugar

  7. Amorphous Solids • Amorphous solid are arranged randomly. • Each particle is in a particular spot, but the particles are in no particular pattern. • Example: tires, rubber, wax

  8. Liquids • Do not have a definite shape but do have a definite volume. • Liquids take the shape of their container. • Molecules in liquid move fast by each other, and are close to each other

  9. Liquid Properties • Surface Tension is the result of an inward pull among molecules that beings the molecules on the surface closer together. • Ex: beads of water on a car or leaf, bugs walking on water. • Viscosity a liquids resistance to flowing. • Depends on size, shape, and attraction of particles.

  10. Gas State • Do not have a definite shape or volume • In a gas there are empty spaces between particles. • Gas molecules- • move fast enough to break away from each other. • have less attraction between them.

  11. Plasma • Plasma is a gas like state of matter consisting of a mixture of free electrons and atoms that are stripped of their electrons (ionized). • Where is Plasma? Both ordinary and exotic places! • When an electric current is passed through neon gas, it produces both plasma and light. Also in fluorescent lights. • Lightning is a massive electrical discharge in the atmosphere that creates a jagged column of plasma. • Part of a comet's streaming tail is plasma from gas ionized by sunlight and other unknown processes. • The Sun is a 1.5-million-kilometer ball of plasma, heated by nuclear fusion

  12. Phase Change • A phase change occurs when matter changes from one state to another. This is a physical change. Vaporization/ condensation Sublimation Melting/ freezing

  13. Thermal Changes in Matter • Endothermic Change, a change in which energy is taken in. • Example: The melting of ice, Ice packs • Exothermic Change, a change in which energy is released. • Example: A burning fire, Calcium Chloride & H2O

  14. Melting • Is the change of state from a solid to a liquid. • The melting point of a substance is the point at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid. • Melting pts. of substances vary. • Melting pts. can be used to identify a substance, it is a property of matter • Melting is a endothermic change • Heat energy is absorbed, or taken in.

  15. Freezing • Freezing is the change of state from a liquid to a solid. • Freezing is the reverse process of melting. SO, freezing and melting occur at the same temperature. • Freezing is exothermic change . • Heat energy is removed or taken out.

  16. Vaporization • Is a change from liquid to gas • Boiling is vaporization that occurs throughout the liquid. • Boiling pt. is a physical property of matter • When a liquids becomes a gas the atoms spread apart. • Pressure affects boiling points • Evaporation is vaporization that occurs at the surface of the liquid. - Evaporation point is below boiling pt.

  17. Condensation • Condensation is the change of state from a gas to a liquid. • Condensation Point: The temperature at which the gas becomes a liquid at a given pressure. • When a gas becomes a liquid atom clump together. • Condensation is Exothermic

  18. Sublimation • Is a change from a solid state directly to a gas state. • Ex: Dry Ice

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