Modern day slavery

1. Modern day slavery Laura Chinn 5/1/2014

2. What slavery exists in our world today? Questions to consider…… In what countries does modern day Slavery exist? What jobs are slaves being used to do? What are working conditions like? How does one become a slave? Who is benefiting from slavery? What does the government say? What organizations exist to fight it? What can we do to help as consumers? What is being done world-wide to stop it?

3. What defines slavery today? Someone who is enslaved is: • Forced to work through mental or physical threat • Owned or controlled by an employer (usually through abuse or the threat of abuse) • Dehumanized, treated as a commodity or bough and sold as property • Physically constrained or has restrictions placed on his/her freedom of movement

4. What types of Slavery are there? • Bonded Labor – when people take or a tricked into taking a loan for which they are unable to ever pay off. It can be passed down to their children • Child Slavery – an estimated 5.5 million worldwide are working underage • Early and Forced Marriage – girls/young women who are forced to marry into lives of servitude (often with physical violence) and have no choice to leave the marriage • Forced Labor – people who are illegally recruited by individuals, businesses or government and forced to work under the threat of violence or penalties • Descent-based slavery – involves people who are either born into a slave class or are from a group that society views as inferior • Trafficking – the transport of any person from one area to another with the intent of forcing them into slavery

5. Human Trafficking Victims of Human Trafficking include: • Children involved in the sex trade, adults age 18 or older who are coerced or deceived into commercial sex acts, and anyone forced into different forms of “labor services” • Traffickers make billions of dollars off of their victims!! • Force, Fraud and Coercion is used to control people • This is considered to be one of the fastest growing criminal industries

6. Sex exploitation • This can be in the form of street prostitution, online escort services, residential brothels and brothels disguised as massage businesses.

7. Sumangali system • The Sumangali System or “scheme” targets unmarried girls from 13-18

8. Sumangali – Utter Pradesh India • Girls are recruited by agents to work on 3 year contracts • Agents receive a commission • Girls are promised a lump sum of 60,000 rupees at the end of 3 years work (approx. $1800 US) • They work 12-14 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year. • If they are unable to complete their 3 year contract they are paid nothing. • Sumangali is illegal and recognized as such in Indian Courts.

9. Slavery in Delhi • Child Labor was identified in Sangam Vihar and Tughlakabad parts of Delhi • Sequin workshops seemed to house the most child laborers. • There are big, medium and small levels of operation. Usually small operations work in hidden places like basements. This makes it easier to • Hide child labor • Boys 10-20 apply Sequins, beads and embroidery

10. Slavery In Delhi • Owners are usually community members and often friends of the family • Children are sold into slavery to help support the family, especially when parents are sick or unable to work • Many times they cook, eat and sleep in the work rooms • 30 people were reported to be staying in a small space with only a couple of toilets. • Food and bathrooms are dirty and unsanitary leading to health issues. However, no one can afford hospitals. • Fevers, headaches and colds are frequent. • Child laborers are often not allowed to be visited and are not allowed to leave the factories they work at

11. Why Slavery is high in india • India is plagued with high levels of poverty • When they cannot afford basic necessities they are forced to take out a loan with slavery or their child (to be used as a slave) as collateral. • Rarely is a written loan agreement made • The interest percentages are in the 1000’s and makes it impossible to ever be paid back. • The owners supposedly put part of their earning toward the loan but when the slaves check – the balance has never changed. • Many times a debt of even $16 US can keep a family in slavery for generations

12. Mudalalis

13. 7 year old slave • Sold into slavery to help her family – this slave rolls 2000 cigarettes per day to avoid beatings and burnings. She was collateral for a loan her parents took out