Forestry, Carbon, REDD+ Cancún and FAO

1. Forestry, Carbon, REDD+Cancún and FAO Peter Holmgren, FAO 14 December 2010

2. Outline • Perspectives • REDD+ basics • Cancún outcomes and FAO • (MRV & Monitoring)

3. Issued 25 September 2010

4. 100 years in the Nordic countries

5. CBD “Species” WSFS “Calories” UNFCCC “Carbon” Food Security Biodiversity Climate Overlaps, Synergies and Trade-offs GLOBAL OBJECTIVES + Human rights, Health, Trade, Education, ..... National -> International National -> Local LOCAL REALITIES

6. 2. REDD+ Basics

7. Current REDD+ construction Principles Safeguards Emission activities Consistent Transparent & Effective Governance Rights of Communities Stakeholder Participation Conservation Reversals Displacement Deforestation Forest Degradation Conservation Sustainable management Enhancement Country-driven National circumstances Consistent with development goals Consistent with adaptation needs Equitable etc. financing Results-based All Forest Management (and Agriculture) Overall Development No Harm

8. Relative importance of REDD+ Scale Local National International Carbon Other Benefits and Impacts

9. The right REDD+ focus? No. ‘It’s the agriculture, stu....’

10. Africa particulars • Low deforestation rate • relatively low potential for the 1st “D” in REDD+ • High levels of forest/land degradation, largely due to small-scale agriculture • relatively high potential for the 2nd “D” and “+” • Very high potential for increased C storage (especially outside “forests”) • case for Terrestrial Carbon approach

11. 3. Cancún outcomes and FAO

12. Cancún Agreement – selected points of high relevance to FAO • Formal recognition that current emissions pledges need to rise • Decision on Long-Term Cooperative Action, including: • Enhanced action on adaptation (Cancun Adaptation Framework) • Enhanced action on mitigation: • improved assessments nationally and internationally, • registry of nationally appropriate mitigation actions) • REDD+ (includes, potentially, mitigation actions related to all types of forests, i.e. in the agriculture–forest interface) • Finance (Green Fund, 100 b$/year by 2020 for developing countries against climate impact and for low-carbon development. World Bank to be interim trustee) • Extension of Kyoto protocol was postponed • Agriculture work programme was postponed

13. Other events and proceedings in Cancún of relevance to FAO • Strong focus on agriculture and food security in many side events • Agriculture and Forest Days with 2000 participants and strong linkages between

14. Key considerations for FAO’s continued work on climate change (1) • Establishment of the Green Fund raises expectations of FAO’s contribution and involvement, particularly in adaptation. The on-going and cross-cutting work to develop a Climate Change Adaptation Framework Programme in FAO is one starting point. • The agreement on REDD+ will take us towards an implementation phase. The UN-REDD Programme provides a basis for moving ahead. It is likely that requests for support from countries will increase. It is likely that FAO’s role will be increasingly knowledge based (as opposed to operations)

15. Key considerations for FAO’s continued work on climate change (2) • The MICCA (Mitigation of Climate Change in Agriculture) Programme provides an important lead in the development an agriculture work programme. This includes pilots in countries, capacity building, knowledge base for agriculture mitigation practises, and assessments of emissions and mitigation potentials in the agriculture sectors • FAO’s involvement in the “Climate Services” partnership, i.e. improved observations, analyses and decision support – with a focus for FAO on Food and Agriculture issues – is of strategic importance. • Energy issues (both energy from agriculture sectors (bioenergy) and energy consumed in agriculture sectors including rural household energy) will increasingly be in focus.

16. 100 years

18. 4. MRV & Monitoring

19. A solution?

20. Current REDD+ construction Principles Safeguards Emission activities Consistent Transparent & Effective Governance Rights of Communities Stakeholder Participation Conservation Reversals Displacement Deforestation Forest Degradation Conservation Sustainable management Enhancement Country-driven National circumstances Consistent with development goals Consistent with adaptation needs Equitable etc. financing Results-based All Forest Management (and Agriculture) Overall Development No Harm

21. What is the scope of a“National Monitoring System for REDD+”? Must have: High Accuracy, known Precision Expensive measurements -> Sampling approaches No need for full cover data Must have: Complete coverage -> Payments/Enforcement Must be low cost per measurement -> Remote sensing No need for high accuracy -> instead: proxies

22. How to design and implement a“National Monitoring System for REDD+”? National Forest Inventory Dedicated Governance Monitoring Monitoring for local implementation

23. How to carry out the monitoring

24. Strategic level example: Zambia national inventory

25. Zambia: Biomass by tract

26. Zambia: Total C depends on choice of estimation models

27. Operational level example:DRC 1990 - 2005 10 km

28. For the first time there is a substantial economic demand for a well defined global service provided through local management of natural resources • REDD+ cuts across land-based sectors, finance, governance. It is not limited to forestry. • Key areas where FAO contributes: • MRV and Monitoring • Payment for Ecosystem Services • Forest and Natural Resources Governance • Land Tenure and investments in Land Administration • Securing a broad approach – not just Carbon!