ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION

1. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION • Task 1 • Working with a partner try to define what this is. Make it a ‘working’ definition. • There are two elements that you need to understand. • A need to achieve (Nach) and • A need to avoid failure (Naf) • Explain these and come up with a ‘real-life’ example for each. Homework – past paper questions. As before, answer then self assess. Score? Produce Mark Scheme for discussion

2. ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION • An individuals motivation to strive for success. • Eg: During a penalty shoot out a young footballer is asked to take the deciding penalty. If he scores his team will win the match. However after consideration he feels that he has a 50% chance of missing and declines the offer - he has a need to avoid failure (NaF) or Avoidance behaviour • His team mate however jumps at the chance and sees this as an opportunity of being a hero - he is driven by a need to achieve (Nach) or Approach behaviour • Atkinson and McClelland (1974) considered that the behaviour of the individual is determined by their interaction with the environment. Moreover this type of behaviour is more likely to occur in an evaluative situation. • REPHRASE THIS LAST PARAGRAPH IN ENGLISH!! • ANY COMMENTS?

3. Nach Look for challenges/risks Persist for longer Value feedback from others Enjoy performing in situations where they can be evaluated Are not afraid of failure Attribute performance to internal factors such as effort Naf Are pre-occupied with failure Give up easily Avoid challenging tasks (eg: Play against easy opposition) Do not like being evaluated Dislike situations where there is a 50/50 chance of failure. Either Very easy or Very hard Avoid personal responsibility Attribute performance to external factors such as Luck CHARACTERISTICS OF Nach AND Naf

4. ATKINSON’S MODEL FOR ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION. The drive to achieve success for it’s own sake Competitiveness Persistence Striving for perfection Achievement Motivation Situational Personality Probability of success Need to achieve Incentive for success Need to avoid failure

5. ATKINSON’S MODEL FOR ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION (CONT.) • Model shows that if probability of success is low (tennis v Nadal anyone?), the incentive value is high (bragging rights). • And visa versa. • WHY? high Incentive value of success high low Probability of success • Any pupil like to explain this graph? (remember previous too!- is same idea, just presented differently)

6. The research shows that people with LOW achievement orientation (high failure avoidance) tend to choose tasks that are either very easy or very hard. • WHY? • What about the other end of the continuum? • HIGH achievers tend to select tasks with a 50/50 chance of success. • Thus high achievers tend to be ‘risk takers’.

7. Achievement Motivation (Cont) Some people may see success as beating somebody else and showing their superiority – these are known as ‘ego – oriented’ Others see success as being an internal construct or competition against themselves. (Eg: a personal best) – these are known as ‘task- oriented’ Ego oriented believe that ability is the most important factor for success whilst task – oriented people consider effort to be more important.

8. Strategies that a coach could employ to ensure the Need to achieve! Several factors are thought to influence achievement motivation outcome.. Childhood experiences Social environment (social learning) Cultural differences Significant others Goal setting Expectations Attributions (both those conveyed by the teacher or coach and those expressed by the performer)

9. Coaching strategies to reduce ………. NAF AND IMPROVE NACH 1 minute on your own – 3 strategies Group feedback. • Give success and feelings of pride • Reduce punishment and negative feelings linked to failure • Avoid situations where defeat is likely • Set tasks with a choice of difficulty to cater for all levels • Stress performance rather than outcome goals • Increase Task Difficulty slowly