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Civil War

Civil War. Brother against Brother. 1860 Presidential Election. √ Abraham Lincoln Republican. John Bell Constitutional Union. John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat. Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat. Republican Party Platform in 1860. Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.

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Civil War

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  1. Civil War Brother against Brother

  2. 1860PresidentialElection √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

  3. Republican Party Platform in 1860 Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

  4. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

  5. 1860 Election Southern states refused to put Lincoln’s name on the ballot Election became two sectional elections: Lincoln v. Douglas in North Breckenridge v. Bell in South Lincoln won with 39% of popular vote, all 18 free states, a clear majority of 180 electoral college votes

  6. 1860 Election Results

  7. Secession South Carolina legislature immediately voted to secede from Union Issue “Declaration of the Causes of Secession” Reviewed threat against slavery and that a president hostile to slavery had been elected By February 1861, six other slave states followed Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas

  8. Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing Party - KY)

  9. Crittenden Compromise Senator from Kentucky proposed compromise: Amendment to Constitution to protect slavery in all territories South of 36° 30’ Everything North would be free Popular sovereignty determine whether southwest territories would enter Union as free or slave states Southerners willing to talk about it Lincoln rejected on belief that people elected him to prevent expansion of slavery westward

  10. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

  11. Fort Sumter Small island in Charleston, SC harbor South Carolina demand immediate withdrawal of U.S. troops Lincoln refused South Carolina militiamen shelled fort until the Union commander surrendered Fall of Sumter convinced Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia to secede 1st battle of Civil War THE WAR HAD BEGUN!!

  12. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

  13. Comparing North & South

  14. Comparing North & South Union Advantages Far more resources! Large scale industrialization Enormous population More weaponry Efficient Navy Confederate Advantages Military strategy: Superior military leaders No need to attack, just avoid defeat Morale: Most white southerners willing to fight to protect their way of life. Captive labor force Hope for help from Europe

  15. Border States Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky and Missouri remained loyal to Union West Virginia seceded from Virginia and joined Union as free state Geographically split North from South Would allow Union to show that slavery would still be allowed in Union

  16. Lincoln and writ of habeas corpus Lincoln needed to keep border states’ loyalty Sometimes had to use force to keep them in Union Maryland: Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus (protection against unlawful imprisonment) Government arrested suspected Confederate sympathizers and held without trial Declared martial law in 1861

  17. The South Delegates from first 7 secession states met to set up government Joined together as the “Confederate States of America” Drafted new constitution, made Richmond, VA the capital and elected Jefferson Davis president

  18. Problems in the Confederate Government New constitution protected states rights over federal Davis very little power to enforce confederacy rule on states Relied on state cooperation for military and financial support Could not stop states from seceding from Confederacy if they wanted to

  19. Key Figures in the war

  20. Important People Robert E. Lee Graduated West Point top of his class Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war Commander of the Confederate Army

  21. Important People Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson: Respected leader of Confederates Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war Seemed to stand like a stone among fighting

  22. Important People Ulysses S. Grant: Abolitionist & Union commander Graduated West Point Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war 2 term president of U.S.

  23. William T. Sherman Union general Headed the slash and burn March to the Sea Gained good military experience in the Mexican-American war

  24. Important People Abraham Lincoln 16th president issued Emancipation Proclamation: freed slaves in Confederate states that had not rejoined the Union *refocused moral cause of the war on abolition

  25. Key Battles

  26. Key Battles Antietam In Maryland, bloodiest day of the Civil War 13,000 Confederates, 12,000 Union soldiers died Union victory! Convinced Britain and France not to support Confederates

  27. Key Battles Siege of Vicksburg Grant tried to break forces around city of Vicksburg, Mississippi Could not break so decided to wait until starved the Confederates out Forced surrender of Confederate forces on July 4, 1863 Gave Union control of Mississippi River Split Confederacy in half geographically

  28. Key Battles Gettysburg: July 4, 1863 Turning point in war 50,000 dead both sides Union victory, weakened Confederates

  29. Key Battles Gettysburg Address: “Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth, upon this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal…” *dedicate portion of the battlefield as a cemetery

  30. Gettysburg Address ends with… “We here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

  31. Key Battles Sherman’s March to the Sea: Grant orders Sherman to go to Deep South and destroy everything in his path Union occupies Atlanta and cuts off Confed. supplies March to the Sea Burned Atlanta, marched toward Savannah destroying everything (homes, crops, railroads) along the way, seized Savannah and moved north to Charleston, South Carolina

  32. Surrender April 1865 Grant’s forces break through Lee’s defenses Burned Confederate capital at Richmond Confederates half starving and out gunned, Lee decides to surrender Lee unconditionally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House April 9, 1865 Southerners given food for march home Union troops capture Jefferson Davis and others as they try to flee Virginia THE WAR WAS OVER!

  33. Effects of the War Economy- boom in North, devastation in South Society- South in shambles, disillusioned, hope for African Americans migrating North Gov’t & politics- war helped cement federal authority

  34. Casualties 623,000 People died in the Civil War! More than any other war combined, Vietnam, American Revolution, World War II, Korean War, etc….

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