Practical Solr

1. Practical Solr Guide for Developers

2. First…some questions. • How many of you in the room know what Solr is? • How many have worked with Solr? • How many will be using Solr or text search technology in their upcoming projects?

3. Why am I here speaking to you about this? • Several projects in 2011/2012 involving search technology • One of most visited recipe sites un the US with 200,000 hits per hour during peak times • Resource portal for world’s leading vendor of large format printers • First encounter was with Lucene.NET which lead to Solr • Second encounter with Solr on Azure • Afterwards Jetty and Tomcat configurations • Currently working on https://github.com/radekz2/SolrStarterKit 99bugs.com

4. Solr and Lucene Solris the popular, blazing fast open source enterprise search platform from the Apache Lucene project. Its major features include powerful full-text search, hit highlighting, faceted search, dynamic clustering, database integration, rich document (e.g., Word, PDF) handling, and geospatial search. Solr is highly scalable, providing distributed search and index replication, and it powers the search and navigation features of many of the world's largest internet sites. Apache Lucene(TM) is a high-performance, full-featured text search engine library written entirely in Java

5. Not Frictionless • Java • Complex configuration • Still evolving documentation • Too many brief tutorials

6. What we will talk about today. • Getting up and running • Setting up as service • Importing data • Spelling • Stopwords, Synonyms, Elevate • Facets • Replication, Zoo Keeper (Cloud setup) • Integration deep dives • Etc.

7. Solr and Lucene

8. Web Server Web Clients Solr web application (Solr.war) CMS Core1 (recipes) data-config.xml solrconfig.xml schema.xml Bash/PowerShell etc. Core2 (food articles) data-config.xml solrconfig.xml schema.xml PHP Core3 (etc.) data-config.xml solrconfig.xml schema.xml Document Repositories

9. Solr Terminology Solr Core: Also referred to as just a "Core" This is a running instance of a Solr index along with all of its configuration (SolrConfigXml, SchemaXml, etc...). A single Solr application can contain 0 or more cores which are run largely in isolation but can communicate with each other if necessary via the CoreContainer. From a historical perspective: Solr initially only supported one index, and the SolrCore class was a singleton for coordinating the low-level functionality at the "core" of Solr. When support was added for creating and managing multiple Cores on the fly, the class was refactored to no longer be a Singleton, but the name stuck. Facet: A distinct feature or aspect of a set of objects; "a way in which a resource can be classified" (*) Request Handler: A Solr component that processes requests. For example, the DisMaxRequestHandler processes search queries by calling the DisMax Query Parser. Request Handlers can perform other functions, as well. http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrTerminology

10. Solr Terminology Solr Core: Searchable grouping of documents (index). E.g. Core 1 = Recipes Core 2 = Articles about Food Facet: categorisation Request Handler: Functional grouping under a URL, a lot like a route under PHP frameworks e.g /core1/search -> searches recipes /core1/importxml-> triggers importing from XML files

11. Starting Solr under 1 minute • Requirements: • Downloaded and unpackaged Solr • JRE Installed http://java.com Via command line Navigate to /apache-solr-3.6.1/example Run java -Dsolr.solr.home=multicore -jar start.jar * Also see README.txt in /apache-solr-3.6.1/example

12. Solr With Tomcat <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Context docBase="C:/solr_tomcat/apache-solr-3.5.0.war" debug="0" crossContext="true"> <Environment name="solr/home" type="java.lang.String" value="C:/solr_tomcat" override="true"/> </Context> http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrTomcat C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 6.0\conf\Catalina\localhost

13. Files and Directories • solr • core0 • conf • schema.xml • solrconfig.xml • data-config.xml • dataimport.properties • solrcore.properties • data • core1 • solr.xml

14. solr.xml Solr web application settings, Define your cores here along a few global settings. • <solr persistent="false“ sharedLib="global_libs“> • <!-- • adminPath: RequestHandler path to manage cores. • If 'null' (or absent), cores will not be manageable via request handler • --> • <cores adminPath="/admin/cores"> • <core name="core0" instanceDir="core0" /> • <core name="core1" instanceDir="core1" /> • </cores> • </solr> Tip: use sharedLib="global_libs“ attribute Other options: http://wiki.apache.org/solr/CoreAdmin

15. schema.xml • Schema XML is there you describe your data. • Lucene Field definitions with analysis chain • Column names and their respective Lucene types • Unique key • Default search field • Default operator (AND/OR) – being deprecated in the future http://lucidworks.lucidimagination.com/display/solr/Solr+Field+Types#SolrFieldTypes-FieldTypesIncludedwithSolr http://wiki.apache.org/solr/AnalyzersTokenizersTokenFilters http://wiki.apache.org/solr/LanguageAnalysis Gotcha: Multivalued fields cannot be sorted

16. dataimport.properties and solrcore.properties • dataimport.properties • Status file • Managed by solr • Contains import information such as last import etc. • solrcore.properties • Contains core specific settings assigned by developer • Settings can be passed to data import definition file mycore.languagegroup=en mycore.filenamefilter=.*(en|eew|enw|eez|eep)\.(xml) In data config, these options can be retrieved as:${mycore.languagegroup} ${mycore.filenamefilter} Etc.

17. Importing • From XML • XML can originate in a single file, multiple files (same schema) or HTTP • Solr with loop over common data nodes using it’s for-each mechanism • From Database • You will need a JDBC driver for your database • Can run multiple queries with reference variables passed from one entity to another Gotcha: The XPathEntityProcessor implements a streaming parser which supports a subset of xpath syntax. Complete xpath syntax is not supported but most of the common use cases are covered as follows:- xpath="/a/b/subject[@qualifier='fullTitle']" xpath="/a/b/subject/@qualifier" xpath="/a/b/c" Gotcha: SQL Timeouts

18. JDBC Timeouts <dataSource name="jdbc" driver="com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver" type="JdbcDataSource" url="jdbc:sqlserver://dvtaoomb.database.windows.net:1433;database=DB_Infrastructure;user=ConsumerSitesDev@dvtaoomb;password=@SecurePwd;encrypt=true;hostNameInCertificate=data.ch1-1.database.windows.net" responseBuffering="full" > <property name="testOnBorrow" value="true"/> <property name="validationQuery" value="SELECT 1"/> </dataSource> http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html

19. Stop Words • Stop words list in • /apache-solr-3.6.1/example/example-DIH/solr/solr/conf • You can find more stopwords using schema browser

20. Spellcheck • Solr will build a spell index from existing index • Spell index will be a separate set of index filesand it’s building needs to be triggered • Spell index generation is called only once, do not call with every query http://localhost:8080/solr/Core_ImportXml/select/?q=*%3A*&version=2.2&start=0&rows=10&indent=on&spellcheck.build=true&spellcheck.q=stering&spellcheck=true Note:the spellcheck.build=true which is needed only once to build the spellcheck index from the main Solr index. It takes time and should not be specified with each request. Note: Combine multiple fields into single spell field using <copyFieldsource="ProductDescription" dest="ProductSpellText"/> Gotcha: solr.PorterStemFilterFactory http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SpellCheckComponent

21. Faceting Just Facets: http://localhost:8080/solr/Core_ScriptTransformer/select/?q=*%3A*&version=2.2&start=0&rows=5&indent=on&facet=true&facet.field=ProductScale&facet.field=ProductLine For predictive search: http://localhost:8080/solr/Core_ScriptTransformer/select/?q=*%3A*&version=2.2&start=0&rows=0&indent=on&facet=true&facet.field=Keywords&facet.prefix=a More with Facets: http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SimpleFacetParameters

22. Transformers • RegexTransformer • ScriptTransformer • DateFormatTransformer • NumberFormatTransformer • TemplateTransformer • HTMLStripTransformer • ClobTransformer • LogTransformer http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler#Transformer

23. Synonyms • beefstew= Beef stew • bring certain documents to the top based on query Query Elevate

24. Documentation • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/DataImportHandler • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrTerminology • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SpellCheckComponent • http://lucidworks.lucidimagination.com/display/solr/Solr+Field+Types#SolrFieldTypes-FieldTypesIncludedwithSolr • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/AnalyzersTokenizersTokenFilters • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/LanguageAnalysis • http://commons.apache.org/dbcp/configuration.html • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SimpleFacetParameters • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/SolrRequestHandler • http://wiki.apache.org/solr/IntegratingSolr

25. Gotchas • Form content type • http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2997014/can-you-use-post-to-run-a-query-in-solr-select • application/xml (not application/x-www-form-urlencoded) • Mutlivalue fields cannot be sorted • Dates (use date transformers) • JDBC Timeouts • Slow indexing with multiple database entities • XPath Limitations • Can you recreate your updates? • Are you storing enough data?

27. Thank You! RadekZajkowski https://joind.in/7458 www.99bugs.com