Rocks and the Rock Cycle

1. Rocks and the Rock Cycle

2. Rocks • Rock is a solid material made up of minerals or other substances. • Most of Earth’s rocks are made up of about 20 common minerals, called rock-forming minerals.

3. Classifying Rocks • The color of the rock depends on the color of the minerals that make up the rock. • To a geologist, texture refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of a rock’s grains. • A rock grain is one of the particles that make up a rock • Geologists classify rocks into three major groups by how they are formed.

4. Fire Born

5. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock forms when lava or magma cools and hardens.

6. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock formed from magma beneath the Earth’s surface is called intrusive. • Intrusive – Inside the Earth

10. Igneous Rocks • Igneous rock formed from lava above the Earth’s surface is called extrusive. • Extrusive – Exited the Earth

13. Sedimentary Rock Made from Sediment

14. Sedimentary Rock • Sedimentary rock forms when particles of rock and other material are pressed and stuck together.

15. Sedimentary Rock • Compaction (pressed) • Cementation (stuck)

16. Sedimentary Rock • Any rock can become Sedimentary Rock • There are three major kinds of sedimentary rock • Clastic – Organic – Chemical

17. Clastic • A sedimentary rock that you can see the particles of rock that have been stuck together is called a clastic rock.

19. Organic • A sedimentary rock that formed from the remains of plants and animals is called organic rock.

21. Chemical • A sedimentary rock that forms when dissolved minerals come out of solution is called a chemical rock.

23. Changed Form

24. Metamorphic Rock • Metamorphic rock forms from high heat and pressure beneath the surface of the Earth. • Any type of rock can become a metamorphic rock.

26. The Rock Cycle

27. The Rock Cycle • The rock cycle is a series of processes that change rocks from one kind to another kind.