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SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycolysis

SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycolysis. Announcements. Exam #2 on June 26 Chapters 7, 8, 11, 12, 14 Bring calculators Study Session with Vonda Thursday, June 26; 2-3:45 pm Boggs 228. Introduction to Glycolysis. Glycolysis: breakdown of sugars Primary start point = glucose

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SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRY Glycolysis

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  1. SURVEY OF BIOCHEMISTRYGlycolysis

  2. Announcements • Exam #2 on June 26 • Chapters 7, 8, 11, 12, 14 • Bring calculators • Study Session with Vonda • Thursday, June 26; 2-3:45 pm • Boggs 228

  3. Introduction to Glycolysis • Glycolysis: breakdown of sugars • Primary start point = glucose • 10 enzymatic reactions

  4. Overview • Stage I of Glycolysis • 2 ATP’s invested • 1 Glucose is brokeninto 2 phosphorylated molecules

  5. Overview • Stage II of Glycolysis • 4 ATP’s recovered • 2 NADH’s produced • GAP is converted to pyruvate

  6. Enzymes in GlycolysisStage I: Energy Investment • Hexokinase • Uses ATP • Phosphoglucose Isomerase [PGI] • Phosphofructokinase [PFK] • Uses ATP • Aldolase • Splits 6C into two 3C molecules • Triose Phosphate Isomerase [TIM]

  7. Enzymes in GlycolysisStage II: Energy Recovery • Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase • Uses NAD+ to form NADH • Phosphoglycerate Kinase [PGK] • Forms ATP (2 molecules) • Phosphoglycerate Mutase [PGM] • Enolase • Forms high energy molecule • Pyruvate Kinase [PK] • Forms ATP (2 molecules) Classify theseon board

  8. Key Mechanisms • Kinases: Transfer PO32- to substrate • Phosphoglucose Isomerase • Aldolase • GAP Dehydrogenase • Phosphoglycerate Mutase

  9. Example of Kinase Activity Step 1: Hexokinase

  10. Phosphoglucose IsomeraseReaction Mechanism Step 2

  11. PGI Reaction Mechanism BaseCatalysis

  12. PGI Reaction Mechanism AcidCatalysis

  13. PGI Reaction Mechanism Base catalyzes ring closure H+

  14. Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Step 6 Remember:Glycolysis produces 2 molecules of GAP, and therefore 2 molecules of NADH

  15. GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Free Enzyme

  16. GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Thiol Addition

  17. GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism Dehydrogenation

  18. GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism PhosphateBinding Pi

  19. GAP Dehydrogenase Mechanism

  20. Phosphoglycerate Mutase

  21. Phosphoglycerate Mutase Mechanism

  22. Pyruvate Kinase

  23. What happens to pyruvate?

  24. PRS • What is the maximum number of O2 molecules that hemoglobin can bind? • One • Two • Three • Four

  25. PRS • B cells mature in the ________. • Thymus • Bone marrow • Muscle tissue • Myosin

  26. PRS • Oxygen binding to myoglobin results in what shaped curve? • Sigmoidal • Hyperbolic • Linear • Sinusoidal

  27. PRS • Which of the following amino acids is not in the catalytic triad of serine proteases? • Ser • Thr • His • Asp

  28. PRS • What is Km? • The catalytic efficiency • The catalytic rate constant • 1/2 Vmax • [S] at 1/2 Vmax

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