Unit F: Muscular System

1. Unit F: Muscular System Analyze the anatomy and physiology of the muscles. Specific Objectives: Explain the structure of the muscles. Analyze the function of the muscular system. Discuss characteristics and treatment of common muscle disorders.

2. Bell…… • List the functions of the muscular system, chapter starts on page 123 • (do not eat your candy)

3. Describe the structure of the muscles“the power system” • A.Muscles • 1.Nearly half our weight comes from muscle tissue • 2.There are 650 different muscles in the human body • 3.Muscles give shape and form • 4.Muscles produce body heat

4. THREE MAIN FUNCTIONS Responsible for all body movement. Responsible for body form and shape (posture) Responsible for body heat and maintaining body temperature.

5. Bell • What are the 3 types of muscles? • What is the difference in voluntary and involuntary muscles?

6. Three types of muscle Skeletal Smooth Cardiac

7. Types of muscle tissueSkeletal • Skeletal Muscle • Attached to bone • Striated (striped) appearance • VOLUNTARY • Multinucleated muscle cell bundles (muscle cells = muscle fibers) • SARCOLEMMA = cell membrane • Contract quickly, fatigue easily, can’t maintain contraction for long period of time

8. Types of muscle tissue.Smooth • Smooth Muscle • Visceral (organ) muscle • Found in walls of digestive system, uterus and blood vessels • Cells small and spindle-shaped • INVOLUNTARY • Controlled by autonomic nervous system • Act slowly, do not tire easily, can remain contracted for long time

10. Structures of the muscular system Types of Muscle Sphincter muscles Also called dilator muscles Special, circular muscles Located in the digestive system urinary system 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 10

11. Structures of the muscular system Types of muscle Skeletal Smooth Cardiac Sphincter 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 11

12. Structures of the muscular system Types of Connective tissue • Tendons • Fascia 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 12

13. Structures of the muscular system Connective tissue • Tendons dense bands that connect skeletal muscle to the bone 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 13

14. Structures of the muscular system Connective tissue • Fascia Fibrous connective tissue sheets that wrap around muscle bundles 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 14

15. CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES • CONTRACTIBILITY – the ability of a muscle to reduce the distance between the parts of its contents or the space it surrounds. • EXCITEABILITY (IRRITABILITY) – the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing impulses. http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/coupling/animation.html • EXTENSIBILITY – the ability to be stretched. • ELASTICITY – ability of muscle to return to its original length when relaxing.

16. Bell… • Create a quiz • For penia-uria (is that right?) • Include all • Be creative • The most creative and with a KEY..WINS

17. MOVEMENT • Muscles move bones by pulling on them. • As a muscle contracts, it pulls the insertion bone closer to the origin bone. Movement occurs at the joint between the origin and the insertion. • Rule: A muscle’s insertion bone moves toward its origin bone. Groups of muscles usually contract to • produce a single movement. • MOTOR UNIT – a motor neuron plus all the muscle fibers it stimulates. • NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION – the junction between the motor neuron’s fiber which transmits the impulse – and the muscle cell membrane. • ACETYLCHOLINE – chemical neurotransmitter, diffuses across the synaptic cleft (carries impulse across synaptic cleft) • http://www.getbodysmart.com /ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.htmlhttp://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscletissue/contraction/actionpotentials/animation.html • http://www.yucky.com/noflash/body/pg000123.html

18. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Excitability Extensibility Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 18

19. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 19

20. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Myoneural stimulation + contraction of muscle proteins = movement and heat 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 20

21. Characteristics of Muscles Contractibility Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus. The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell. The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 21

22. Characteristics of Muscles Excitability 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 22

23. Characteristics of Muscles Extensibility 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 23

24. Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 24

25. Characteristics of Muscles Elasticity 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system 25

26. Tendons attach muscle to bone. Ligaments join bone to bone

27. How do skeletal muscles get their names? Location Size Direction Number of origins Location of origin and insertion Action flexor Extensor Depressor • However, • not all muscles are named by the above methods! 1.04 Remember the structures of the muscular system 27

28. 1. Based on shape Deltoid Trapezius Rhomboidius 2. Based on structure or form Semitendonosus Semimembranosus Serratus Anterior 3. Based on location Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Anterior Tibialis 4. Based on attachments Brachioradialis (brachium = humerus) Sternocleidomastoid (cleido = clavicle) 5. Based on number of attachments or heads Biceps Triceps Quadriceps MYOLOGYThe study of MUSCLEOrigin and Insertion and Action along with Nerve supplyNAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES

29. 6. Based on direction of muscle fibers oblique transverse rectus 7. Based on function adductors abductors extensors flexors 8. Based on combination of the above rectus abdominus straight muscle of the abdominal region extensor carpi radialis longus long muscle of the forearm which extends the wrist NAMING THE SKELETAL MUSCLES

30. Muscles named for their direction

31. Bell.. • List 5 ways that muscles are named (myology)

32. ways that muscles are named (myology) 1. Based on shape 2. Based on structure or form 3. Based on location 4. Based on attachments 5. Based on number of attachments or heads 6. Based on direction of muscle fibers 7. Based on function 8.Based on combination of the above

33. Muscles of the body: anterior view.

35. Muscles of Head and Neck • Use text pg 132. Label head and neck • Factoids • You have over 30 facial muscles which create looks like surprise, happiness, sadness, and frowning. • Eye muscles are the busiest muscles in the body. Scientists estimate they may move more than 100,000 times a day! • Create Flash cards, muscle one side/function on the other • Answer I. • Feel free to masticate your candy! Feel your face as you masticate, what muscle did you feel move?

36. Major cervical muscles

37. Anterior and posterior cervical triangles.

38. Bell… • Complete the “Who Am I” below the head you labeled on Friday

39. Upper Extremity • Label J • Complete Grid below it. • Make flash cards • (text 133)

40. Bell… • Read section on page 126-127 about Contraction of a Skeletal muscle. • List in order sequence of actions that must occur for a muscle to contract. Starts with: • 1) Impulse • 2) • 3) • 4) • 5)

41. Sequence is as follows…. • 1) Impulse • 2) Axon • 3) Acetylcholine • 4) Synaptic cleft • 5) Sarcolemma

42. A fun example to help students visualize the ETC! This is an example that can help students grasp the concept of how the electrons being dropped down the cristae in steps releases energy that is used to regenerate ADP into ATP. (Feel free to add more detail about H pumps or other details for your curriculum.) Most students are familiar with the snowboarders and the half pipe or even the Bobsled competitions. We are going to use these to help students to visualize electrons sliding down the cristae and regenerating ADP back into ATP. Half pipe: The half pipe looks much like cristae as it is carved down into the snow and the cristae is weaved through the mitochondria. The chair lift is the NADH or FADH2 being ‘pumped’ up the gradient where it will release the ‘electron’ (the snowboarder). (Point out to students how the NADH is only carrying one snowboarder and the FADH2 has two.) As the

44. As the snowboarder glides down from one side of the half pipe to the other, popping up and doing tricks, have students imagine that this is the electron, dropping down the cristae and ‘popping’ energy (NRG). This energy is used to add another high energy P onto ADP, creating ATP. Even though snowboarders ‘pop out’ about five tricks as they go down the half pipe, NADH can only ‘pop out’ 3 ATP’s as it travels down the cristae (FADH2 only 2 ATP’s). At the bottom of the half pipe is screaming fans, family, and friends. They are all ready to grab up their snowboarder and celebrate! At the bottom of the cristae’s gradient, is Oxygen and H+, excited to receive the electron and make water!!! The bobsled can be used also as the example that NADH is like the men’s start, which is higher up on the track and the FADH2 is compared to the women’s start. Because the women’s start is lower on the track, it doesn’t produce as much speed or energy…just like the FADH2.

45. What is missing?

46. Upper extremities • Label J and answer questions/grid

47. Muscles of the Trunk

48. Muscles of the Trunk • Label K • Make Flash Cards • (text 134)

49. Lower extremities

50. Lower extremities