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Religion in the United Kingdom

Religion in the United Kingdom . Religion in the United Kingdom has been dominated, for over 1,400 years, by various forms of Christianity . ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. currently the largest church in Britain about 5 million nominal members, 2 million active participants

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Religion in the United Kingdom

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  1. Religion in the United Kingdom

  2. Religion in the United Kingdom has been dominated, for over 1,400 years, by various forms ofChristianity.

  3. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH • currently the largest church in Britain • about 5 million nominal members, 2 million active participants • working class, settlers of Irish descent, some middle-class and upper-class families

  4. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE • The Roman Catholic Church in the United Kingdom is divided into: • 8 provinces (4 in England, 2 in Scotland, 1 in Wales, 1 in Northern Ireland), each under the supervision of an archbishop • 37 dioceses, each under the supervision of a bishop (some dioceses in NI overlap with dioceses in the republic of Ireland • over 3,000 parishes • The head of the Roman Catholic Church is the Cardinal Archbishop of Westminster

  5. History of religion in the UK • Britain used to be a Roman Catholic country. • In 1533, during the reign of Henry VIII, England broke from the Roman Catholic Church to form the Anglican Church

  6. The church of England • King Henry VIII

  7. Why did England become a Protestant country? • Back to being a Catholic Country • In 1553, Mary became Queen. She changed the country back to Catholicism and burned Protestants who wouldn't change at the stake • All change again • In 1558, Elizabeth became Queen. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official religion of England since. • Henry VIII, the king, wanted a divorce. He wanted a son and his wife only gave birth to daughters. He asked the Pope for permission to divorce, but was refused. Henry VIII became very angry and decided to make his own church. • Henry VIII became leader of the Church of England (Anglican Church). He had the Bible translated to English  and the people who believed in this new religion were called Protestants

  8. Flag of AnglicanCommunion

  9. The Church of England • episcopate hierarchy, i.e. there are Anglican archbishops and bishops • a network of cathedrals • BUT • no clerical celibacy • no invocation of saints • Anglicans do not believe in the purgatory • women can be ordained clergy

  10. membership The membership of the Church of England consists of most middle- and upper-classes and is mainly rural-based. TheChurch of England is currently the 2ndlargestchurch in Britain, and the third largest land ownerinBritain

  11. CHURCH OF ENGLAND as an established church • The Church of England is the established (official) church in England, which means it is linked in various ways to the monarch and the state: • The Queen is the Supreme Head of the Established Church of England • The Queen promises to maintain the Church and is a full member of the Church of England who has been confirmed and who takes Holy Communion. • The Queen bears the official title of Defender of the Faith: Dei Gratia Regina, FideiDefensor • The Queen appoints bishops and archbishops of the Church of England (on PM’s advice on the basis of lists of candidates supplied by the Church)

  12. archbishops, bishops and parish priests of the Church of England swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch. • ‘I accept Your Majesty • as the sole source of • ecclesiastical, spiritual • and temporal power’ • bishops and archbishops may not resign without the permission of the Queen • the two archbishops and twenty-two senior bishops sit in the House of Lords – they are known as Lords Spiritual • Parliament decides about the Church of England rituals and organizations • the British monarch opens the General Synod every five years and gives assent to measures passed by the Synod, in the same way that assent is given to laws passed by Parliament

  13. ANGLICAN DOCTRINE, LITURGY AND WORSHIP • The Chicago–Lambeth Quadrilateral (1888) is the official articulation of Anglican identity: • 1. The Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments, as ‘containing all things necessary to salvation’, and as being the rule and ultimate standard of faith. • 2. The Apostles’ Creed, as the baptismal symbol; and the Nicene Creed, as the sufficient statement of the Christian faith. • 3. The two sacraments ordained by Christ himself – Baptism and the Supper of the Lord – ministered with unfailing use of Christ’s words of institution, and of the elements ordained by him.

  14. There are two sources of Anglican liturgy and worship: • The Book of Common Prayer, 1549 (written by Thomas Cranmer, finally revised in 1662) • 39 Articles, 1563

  15. There are two strands of belief (wings) of the Church of England: • Low Church (evangelicals) (80% of church membership) • plain services with minimum ceremony • literal interpretation of the Bible • conscious opposition to the papal doctrine and Catholicism • suspicious of the hierarchical structure of the Church • High Church (Anglo-Catholics) (20% of church membership) • emphasis on church tradition • Roman Catholic influences on practices and teaching • more elaborate and colorful services

  16. Canterbury Cathedral

  17. The Church of England consists of two Provinces: • - Canterbury- established by the end of the 6th century by St. Augustine - headed by the Archbishop of Canterbury - the Primate of All England. The Province is divided into 29 dioceses. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the active, professional head of the Church. He is involved in a number of national ceremonies, e.g. coronation. • - York - headed by the Archbishop of York - the Primate of England. The Province is divided into 14 dioceses.

  18. General Synod (1919 – 1970 the Church Assembly) is the national governing body of the Church of England. It is a tricameralassembly consisting of: • the House of Bishops, • the House of Clergy • the House of Laity

  19. ANGLICAN COMMUNION • The Anglican Communion is a loose international association of ‘particular or national churches’ throughout the world, most of them owing their origins to the Church of England, and allin communion with the Archbishop of Canterbury. • There are about 78 million Anglicans worldwide in 39 provinces • the Anglican Community has no central power or uniform organization • the Lambeth Conference – is a meeting of Anglican bishops from all over the world in London every 10 years (since 1867), presided over by the Archbishop of Canterbury. It is a forum for debate on issues such as: • doctrine • relations with other churches • attitudes to political and social questions

  20. CHURCH OF SCOTLAND (the Kirk) • established by John Knox in 1560 • deriving from the Calvinist doctrine and stressing: • finding the truth in oneself • hard work and self-sacrifice • Presbyterian in nature, i.e. governed by elected ministers and elders, who are lay members of the church (NO priests or bishops) • democratic structure – ministers are equal with each other • separate from the Church of England, with its own organization, doctrines and practices • its independence guaranteed by the Act of Union of 1707 • The Queen promises to preserve the Church of Scotland, but is not the Head of the Church of Scotland.

  21. Presbyterianism and Congregationalism • In Scotland the Presbyterian Church of Scotland (known informally as The Kirk), is recognised as the National Church. • TheEvangelical Presbyterian Church in England and Wales was founded in the late 1980s and declared themselves to be a Presbytery in 1996. • The Presbyterian Church in Irelandis the largest Protestant denomination .

  22. PCI logo

  23. Presbyterianism • is a branch of ProtestantChristianity that adheres to the Calvinist theological tradition and whose congregations are organized according to a Presbyterian polity. • Presbyterian theology typically emphasizes the sovereignty of God • the authority of the Scriptures, and the necessity of grace through faith in Christ. • Presbyterianism originated primarily in Scotland.

  24. ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE • Scotland is divided into 46 regional presbyteries which all consist of about 1,500 kirks (churches), each under the local control. • Each church (kirk) is governed by a Kirk Session, i.e. its minister and elders. • The governing body of the Church of Scotland is the General Assembly: • consists of elected ministers and elders • meets once a year • is presided over by the Moderator, who is also elected annually

  25. Methodism • (from Greek: μέθοδος - methodos, "pursuit of knowledge) is a movement of ProtestantChristianity.The movement traces its roots to John Wesley's evangelisticrevival movement within Anglicanism. • The Methodist Church is known for its missionary work,and its establishment of hospitals, universities, orphanages, soup kitchens, and schools to follow Jesus' command to spreadthe Good Newsand serveall people

  26. Methodism

  27. Methodism • The Methodistmovement traces its origin to the evangelical awakening in the 18th century. Today, the Methodist Church of Great Britain, (which includes congregations in the Channel Islands, the Isle of Man, Malta and Gibraltar) has around 270,000 members and 6,000 churches, though only around 3,000 members in 50 congregations are in Scotland.

  28. Methodism • It began with a group of men, including John Wesleyand his younger brother Charles, as a movement within the Church of England in the 18th century. The movement focused on Bible study and a methodical approach to scriptures and Christian living. The name "methodist" was a pejorative name given to a small society of students at Oxford who met together between 1729 and 1735 for the purpose of mutual improvement, given because of their methodistic habits. They were accustomed to receiving communion every week, fasting regularly, and abstaining from most forms of amusement and luxury. They also frequently visited the sick and the poor, as well as prisoners.

  29. The early Methodists acted against perceived apathy in the Church of England, preaching in the open air and establishing Methodist societies wherever they went. • George Whitefield, another significant leader in the movement, and one of the Wesley brothers' fellow students at Oxford, became well known for his unorthodox ministry of itinerant open-air preaching. • Most Methodists identify with the Arminianconception of free will, through God's prevenient grace, as opposed to the theological determinismof absolute predestination.

  30. John Wesley

  31. Structure of methodischurch • The Connexion • Methodists are linked together in a ‘Connexion’ of churches, circuits and districts. • The local church • The local church is the congregational place of worship, where Methodist members and attenders are nurtured. • The circuit • A circuit is a group of local churches, served by a team of local preachers and ministers including the superintendent minister. • The district • The district serves a geographical group of circuits and is led by the district chair. • The Conference • The annual Methodist Conference meets in different places and is the supreme decision making body of the Church. At the start of Conference a new President and Vice-President are appointed to preside over that Conference and spend the year travelling around the Connexion, and abroad representing the Methodist Church.

  32. Baptist • The Baptist Union of Great Britain, despite its name, covers just England and Wales.There is a separate Baptist Union of Scotland and the Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland is an all-Ireland organisation.

  33. Quakers • The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) • founded in the 1652 by George Fox • no ministers • silent meetings in meeting houses • stress pacifism and social work

  34. NON-CHRISTIAN CHURCHES IN BRITAIN • Jewish community- Britain has the second largest population of Jews in Europe. The British Jewish community is divided into:the Orthodox (led by the Chief Rabbi of Britain) ,the Reform ,the Liberal . there are about 300 synagogues in the country • Muslim - 1.6 million Muslims in Britain, mostly from Pakistan and Bangladesh, about 1,000 mosques in the United Kingdom, the London Central Mosque (the Islamic Cultural Centre, ICC) is the largest Muslim institution in western Europe • Hindus (165,000) – 143 Hindu temples - the BAPS ShriSwaminarayanMandir London is the largest Hindu temple in Europe • Buddhists - Kagyu Samyé Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre is a Tibetan Buddhist complex associated in Eskdalemuir, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is the largest Buddhist temple in Europe

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