Infection Control in the School Setting

1. Infection Control in the School Setting It’s In Your Hands

2. What is an Infection? A condition resulting from the presence of, and invasion by, germs (microorganisms)

3. For Infection to Occur an Organism Must: • enter the body • grow and multiply • cause a response

4. Routes of Transmission • Contact: 1. direct 2. indirect 3. droplet (3 feet)

5. Routes of Transmission • Vehicle • Airborne • Vector

6. Chain of Infection

7. Handwashing(Hand Hygiene) • The most important measure you can use to prevent the spread of infection.

8. Hand Hygiene Guidelines

9. Hand Hygiene When hands are visibly soiled with blood or other body fluids: Wash hands with either a non-antimicrobial soap and water ….. OR An antimicrobial soap and water

10. Hand Hygiene If hands are not visibly soiled: Use an alcohol-based hand rub for routinely decontaminating hands.

11. Handwashing Procedure • Wet hands. • Apply soap. • Rub hands together producing friction. • Wash between fingers, tops of hands, and around jewelry. • Wash for at least 15 seconds. • Rinse hands well. • Dry hands with a paper towel then use the towel to turn off faucet.

12. Handwashing ….. The #1 way to prevent the spread of germs.

13. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne pathogens are bacteria or viruses that are present in human blood and body fluids and can be transmitted to other humans. • The most common bloodborne pathogens are: • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

14. Bloodborne Pathogen Transmission • Sexually • From mother-to-newborn at birth • Sharing of needles or other sharps • Accidental needlestick/cut/bite (infected person to non-infected person) • Blood transfusions (in the past)

15. HIV • The virus which causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) • HIV attacks the body’s immune system, weakening it so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases.

16. HIV • The virus is very fragile and will not live very long outside of the human body. • There is no cure for AIDS although there are various anti-viral medications to prolong life. • AIDS is a fatal disease.

17. Hepatitis B Virus(HBV) • Hepatitis means “inflammation of the liver”. • Hepatitis B is a virus that infects the liver. • In the U.S., approximately 300,000 people are infected annually.

18. Hepatitis B Virus Disease

19. HBV • Is a very durable virus and can survive outside of the body for at least 7 days. • It is very important to clean up any blood or body fluid spills. (Can use a 1:10 bleach solution – which is 1 part household bleach to 9 parts water.)

20. Hepatitis B Vaccine • To prevent hepatitis B. • A 3-dose vaccine series given at 0, 1, 6 months intervals. • 96% of people who take the vaccine will develop antibody (protection) against the hepatitis B virus.

21. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV):“The Silent Epidemic” • Another cause of viral hepatitis. • It is usually slow-spreading and silent, but lasts a long time. • It is one of the major causes of cirrhosis in the U.S. • It is a major cause of liver cancer worldwide.

22. HCV Disease • Approximately 8-12,000 people die annually from hepatitis C-related disease. • There is no vaccine for HCV. • Anti-viral medications are available for treatment for some HCV-infected persons.

23. MRSA • First recognized in 1961- one year after the antibiotic Methicillin was introduced for treating S. Aureaus infections. • Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureaus- a type of bacteria not killed by common antibiotics including penicillin and cephalosporins (i.e. Amoxil and Keflex)

24. MRSA • Colonization-the microorganism is living in or on the body without causing disease or harm • Infection- the body is invaded by a microorganism, the organism multiplies and causes injury or illness

25. MRSA • Most infections caused by S. Aureus are skin and soft tissue infections • MRSA is being seen in increasing numbers among healthy persons of all ages • This is referred to as Community Acquired MRSA

26. Signs and Symptoms Fever Local Swelling, redness, heat Painful lesion or pimple with or without drainage Boil- tender red lump with a white “head”

27. BOIL

28. CELLULITIS

29. MRSA • S. Aureus is most often spread to others by contaminated hands • Touching skin, wounds, sharing towels, athletic equipment and other personal items

30. MRSA • Prevention • Handwashing • Good personal hygiene • Regularly clean commonly touched surfaces, such as door knobs, bathrooms, nap mats, etc., with any EPA approved disinfectant. • Cheapest and very good disinfectant is household bleach and water in a 1:9 solution (1 Tbsp. bleach to 1 quart of water mixed fresh daily).

31. MRSA • Prevention (continued) • Clean toys and classroom items at least daily and anytime they become soiled • Wash any cuts, scrapes, lesions, insect bites and sores with soap and water • Keep lesions clean and dry and cover them with bandages until they are healed. If drainage cannot be contained by a dressing, student should be excluded from class until healed or drainage decreases.

32. MRSA • Use a barrier between skin and shared equipment e.g. exercise machines and massage tables • If you change a dressing WEAR GLOVES, dispose of dressing in a ziplock baggie and discard. Wash hands after removing gloves. • HANDWASHING IS YOUR BEST DEFENSE AGAINST INFECTIONS

33. Standard Precautions Consider the blood and body fluids of everyone to be potentially infectious.

34. Donot: • Share razors, toothbrushes, eating utensils and drinking containers with other people. • Share needles or other sharps with others.

35. Do: • Be careful when providing first aid or dressing the wounds of others. • Always keep sores or open wounds covered with band aid or dressing.

36. Do: • Always immediately clean up any spills of blood or body fluids (wear gloves). • Always carefully clean household when someone is ill in the home.

37. Tuberculosis (TB) • A disease transmitted from person-to-person through the air when an infected person repeatedly comes in contact with an uninfected person. • TB usually affects the lungs, but may attack almost any part of the body.

38. Tuberculosis (TB)

39. Tuberculosis Symptoms • General Symptoms: • Weight loss • Weakness • Fever and/or Night Sweats • TB of the Lung: • Cough • Chest pain • Coughing up blood

40. TB Skin Testing

41. TB Infection: Germs in body, but not sick and no symptoms. Skin test is usually positive. Most people (90%) do not develop disease. TB Disease: Person is sick, has symptoms, and can spread disease to others. Treatment is needed in order to get well. TB Infection vs. TB Disease

42. Respiratory Hygiene

43. Respiratory Hygiene • Cover the nose/mouth when coughing or sneezing; • Use tissues to contain respiratory secretions & dispose of them in the nearest waste receptacle after use; • Perform hand hygiene after having contact with respiratory secretions & contaminated objects/materials.

44. Antibiotic Use • Antibiotics are for treatment of bacteria – not viruses. • Always take the antibiotic exactly as prescribed. • Do not save antibiotics for “next time”. • Do not share antibiotics with others.

45. Employee Health • Practice good personal hygiene. • Be sure you are up-to-date on all of your immunizations. • Seriously consider taking the influenza vaccine annually. • Do not come to work when you are sick. • Practice good handwashing!