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Louis XV

Madame Pompadour Chief Mistress of Louis XV, she was accused of having incredible influence over the king and affairs of the state. Some accused her of France’s defeat in the Seven Years’ War. Louis XV

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Louis XV

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  1. Madame Pompadour Chief Mistress of Louis XV, she was accused of having incredible influence over the king and affairs of the state. Some accused her of France’s defeat in the Seven Years’ War. Louis XV Ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1 September 1715 until his death in 1774. Responsible for France’s role in the Austrian War of Succession and the Seven Years’ War. Most scholars believe Louis XV's decisions damaged the power of France and weakened the treasury and that his frivolous affairs discredited the monarchy and made it more vulnerable to distrust and destruction.

  2. Louis XVI The French king from 1774 to 1792 who was deposed during the French Revolution and executed in 1793. Louis XVI inherited the debt problem left by his grandfather, Louis XV, and added to the crisis himself through heavy spending during France’s involvement in the American Revolution from 1775 to 1783. Because this massive debt overwhelmed all of his financial consultants, Louis XVI was forced to give in to the demands of the Parlement of Paris and convene the Estates-General—an action that led directly to the outbreak of the Revolution. Louis XVI was deposed in 1792 and executed a year later

  3. Marie-Antoinette (Madame Deficit) The wife of King Louis XVI and sister of Emperor Leopold II, in the French commoners’ eyes, she was the primary symbol of the French royalty’s extravagance and excess. When Marie-Antoinette was executed in 1793, she was dressed in a plain dress, common to the poorest in French society

  4. Jacques Necker A Swiss-born banker who served as France’s director general of finance in the late 1770s, with high hopes of instituting reform. As it turned out, Necker was able only to propose small efforts at eliminating costly inefficiencies. He did produce a government budget, however, for the first time in French history. (Called back in 1788)

  5. Charles de Calonne The controller general of finance appointed by King Louis XVI after Jacques Necker was forced out of office in 1781. Calonne proposed a daring plan to shift the French tax burden from the poor to wealthy nobles and businessmen, suggesting a tax on land proportional to land values and a lessened tax burden for peasants. The French nobility, however, refused to pay these taxes and kicked him out of France in 1788.

  6. Marquis de Lafayette A liberal nobleman who led French forces assisting in the American Revolution. The common people of France revered Lafayette as an idealistic man who was dedicated to liberty and the principles of the Revolution. Although Lafayette organized the National Guard of armed citizens to protect the Revolution from attack by the king, he balked as the Revolution became more radical.

  7. Emmanuel-Joseph (Abbe) Sieyès A liberal member of the clergy, supporter of the Third Estate, and author of the fiery 1789 pamphlet “What Is the Third Estate?” Sieyès was one of the primary leaders of the Third Estate’s effort at political and economic reform in France

  8. Maximilien Robespierre A brilliant political tactician and leader of the radical Jacobins in the National Assembly. As chairman of the Committee of Public Safety, Robespierre pursued a planned economy and vigorous mobilization for war. He grew increasingly paranoid about counterrevolutionary opposition, however, and during the Reign of Terror of 1793–1794 attempted to silence all enemies of the Revolution in an effort to save France from invasion. After the moderates regained power and the Thermidorian Reaction was under way, they had Robespierre executed on July 28, 1794.

  9. Jean Paul Marat Owned the newspaper, "the Friend of the People" which helped spread Republican ideas. Through it, he attacked the king and nobles, saying if he cut off five or six hundred heads all problems would be solved. He was a high profile radical politician. Absorbed new ideas about reason and progress from the Enlightenment writers, such as Rousseau. He wanted the defeat of the Girondins, the moderate Republic Wing. He was stabbed to death by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin.

  10. George Danton The execution of King Louis XVI reinforced the trend toward a new radical phase. The local government in Paris—the Commune—had a number of working-class leaders who wanted radical change. Led by Georges Danton, it put constant pressure on the National Convention to adopt more radical measures. He too will be a victim of the Reign of Terror.

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