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Mentoring vs. Coaching vs. Precepting : What’s the Difference?

Mentoring vs. Coaching vs. Precepting : What’s the Difference?. Veronica Vernon, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP Clinical Pharmacy Specialist IPA/CPI Annual Joint Convention September 19, 2014. Disclosure. The speaker has no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this presentation.

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Mentoring vs. Coaching vs. Precepting : What’s the Difference?

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  1. Mentoring vs. Coaching vs. Precepting: What’s the Difference? Veronica Vernon, PharmD, BCPS, BCACP Clinical Pharmacy Specialist IPA/CPI Annual Joint Convention September 19, 2014

  2. Disclosure The speaker has no actual or potential conflicts of interest in relation to this presentation

  3. Objectives • Compare and contrast the purpose and responsibilities associated with mentoring, coaching, and precepting. • Describe methods used to facilitate conversations as a mentor, coach, or preceptor.  • Identify communication strategies that can be employed in challenging situations.

  4. Famous Mentors in the Media What do these mentors have in common? http://www.cruxcatalyst.com/wp-content/uploads/yoda-luke.jpg http://wandervogeldiary.files.wordpress.com/2014/05/mr-miyagi-the-karate-kid-630-75.jpg?w=655

  5. Mentoring

  6. A Mentor Is… Byyny RL. Pharos Alpha Omega Alpha Med Soc Winter 2012; 1-3 Rose GL, et al.. Acad Med 2005; 80(4): 344-348 “A trusted counselor guiding the professional development of an individual” “Knowledgeable and competent professionals who are one or more steps ahead of a trainee”

  7. The Origins of the Mentor http://paesmem.stanford.edu Smilor R. Entrepreneurship. Available at: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/en/resource-center/what-makes-yoda-so-good-how-to-be-an-effective-mentor.aspx The Odyssey Athena appeared as Mentor to Telemachus Provided encouragement

  8. What are desirable qualities in a mentor?What actions should a mentor take to ensure a successful relationship with the mentee?

  9. Successful Actions of a Mentor White SJ. Hosp Pharm 2011; 46(5):332-335. Smilor R. Entrepreneurship. Available at: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/en/resource-center/what-makes-yoda-so-good-how-to-be-an-effective-mentor.aspx

  10. Principles of Mentoring Smith RE. ACCP Academy Leadership and Management Newsletter 2007; 1(1): 1-3

  11. What NOT to Do Smilor R. Entrepreneurship. Available at: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/en/resource-center/what-makes-yoda-so-good-how-to-be-an-effective-mentor.aspx Attempt to solve the mentee’s problems Violate confidentiality Force opinions on a mentee Share “war stories” Attempt to create a “clone”

  12. Apprenticeship Model Maxwell JC. Mentoring 101.

  13. Collaboration Zachy LJ. The Mentor’s Guide.

  14. How do you ensure success in a mentoring relationship?

  15. The Mentoring Equation Johnson W. The HBR Blog Network. Available at: http://blogs.hbr.org/johnson/2011/10/get-the-mentoring-equation-rig.html

  16. Creating a Positive Experience • Set expectations • Frequency of meetings • Responsibilities of mentor and mentee • Evaluate, evaluate, evaluate

  17. Coaching

  18. A Coach Is… Emerson B, et al. A Manager’s Guide to Coaching: Simple and Effective Ways to Get the Best Out of Your Employees Atul G. The New Yorker. 2011 (October 3). Available at: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/03/111003fa_fact_gawande “ Someone who helps another person reach higher effectiveness by creating a dialogue that leads to awareness and action.” An individual who helps another come to their own decision An observer, a guide

  19. Coaching Whitworth L, et al.. Co-Active Coaching, New Skills for Coaching People Toward Success in Work and Life Tofade T. Am J Pharm Edu2010; 74(3): Article 51. • Assists an individual in reaching goals faster • Several types of coaching: • Peer • Career • Performance • Life • Health

  20. Co-Active Coaching Model Whitworth L, et al.. Co-Active Coaching, New Skills for Coaching People Toward Success in Work and Life Tofade T. Am J Pharm Edu2010; 74(3): Article 51.

  21. Co-Active Coaching Model Whitworth L, et al.. Co-Active Coaching, New Skills for Coaching People Toward Success in Work and Life Tofade T. Am J Pharm Edu2010; 74(3): Article 51.

  22. Precepting

  23. What are attributes of a “good” preceptor?

  24. A Preceptor… Cuellar LM, Ginsburg DB. Preceptor's handbook for pharmacists. Beck DE, Boh LE, PS O'Sullivan. Am J Pharm Educ. 1995; 59: 236– 46.

  25. The One Minute Preceptor Furney SL, et al.  J Gen Intern Med.  2001; 16: 620– 4.

  26. The Learning Pyramid Facilitating Culminating Integration Coaching Practical Application Modeling Foundational Skills and Knowledge Direct instruction NimmoCM, Guerrero R, Greene SA, Taylor JT, eds. Staff development for pharmacy practice. Bethesda, MD: ASHP; 2000

  27. How do you incorporate direct instruction, modeling, coaching, and facilitation into your precepting?

  28. Four Facets of Precepting • Setting expectations • Structured and informal learning activities • Topic discussions • Journal clubs • Providing the learner autonomy

  29. Mentoring, Coaching, Precepting: Similarities and Differences Atul G. The New Yorker. 2011 (October 3). Available at: http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/10/03/111003fa_fact_gawande

  30. Communication

  31. Communicating as a Preceptor/Mentor/Coach • APhA and NACDS. Available at: http://www.therapeuticresearch.com/ce/documents/custom/apha_nacds.pdf • University of Pittsburgh Institute for Clinical Research Education. Available at: http://www.icre.pitt.edu/mentoring/effective.html Regular contact is essential Set clear expectations early Ask open-ended questions Maintain open lines of communication Utilize active listening Be vigilant of body language

  32. The Importance of Feedback Sonthisombat P. Am J Pharm Educ. 2007;72:1–6. Finkelstein SR, et al. J Consum Res 39; 22-38. Vital to the learning experience Preceptors may not meet learner needs Meant to improve a targeted skill or behavior of the recipient It is not an evaluation Novices vs. experts respond differently

  33. Purpose of Feedback Actual performance Actual performance Desired performance Desired performance Cantillon P, et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1961.

  34. Feedback Techniques Cantillon P, et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1961.

  35. Feedback Techniques Cantillon P, et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1961.

  36. Feedback Techniques Cantillon P, et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1961. Pendleton D, et al. The consultation: an approach to learning and teaching. .

  37. Feedback Techniques Cantillon P, et al. BMJ 2008;337:a1961.

  38. Feedback/Evaluation Example Video

  39. Effective Feedback • Beck DE, et al. Am J Pharm Educ. 1995;59:236–46. • Koons K, et al. J Am Pharm Assoc 2012;52: e273-e276. • Ende J. Feedback in clinical medical education. JAMA 1983;250: 777-81.

  40. Providing Effective Feedback • Beck DE, et al. Am J Pharm Educ. 1995;59:236–46. • Koons K, et al. J Am Pharm Assoc 2012;52: e273-e276. • Ende J. Feedback in clinical medical education. JAMA 1983;250: 777-81.

  41. Providing Positive vs. Negative Feedback Weitzel KW, et al. Am J Health SystPharm2012 69:1588-1599

  42. Common Pitfalls to Avoid Quilligan S.. Clin Teach2007;4:100-105. Maynard, R. Preceptor CE: Giving effective feedback to students and residents. Pharmacist’s Letter PL CE Live 2012. Judgmental feedback Insufficient “wait time” Lecturing inappropriately Close-ended questions Challenging learner past abilities “Sugar-coating” Not focusing on the learner

  43. GROW Model

  44. Personal Development Plans (PDPs) • Plan and tracks progress against goals • SMART goals • Professional and personal goals • Important to update and assess progress with goals at regular time intervals

  45. PDP Example Name: Short Term Goal(s) (completion in 1-2 years): Long Term Goal(s) (completion in 5+ years):

  46. Structural Tension Chart Goal/Future Current Reality Fritz R. The Path of Least Resistance for Managers.

  47. Questions to Facilitate Meetings What do you really want to do? What do you do well that allows you to reach your goal? What is preventing you from reaching your goals? What will you do differently tomorrow? How can I help? Tjan AK. HBR Blog Network. Available at: http://blogs.hbr.org/tjan/2009/03/five-questions-every-mentor-mu.html

  48. Components of Successful Meetings Scheduled time at intervals determined by the mentor or mentee Assist the mentee in developing SMART goals

  49. … But What About Those Challenging Situations? Video

  50. Learner Scenarios

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