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Information, Decision Support…

Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer. Chapter 9. Information, Decision Support…. Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Artificial Intelligence and Special-Purpose Systems. Key Terms.

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Information, Decision Support…

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  1. Please discontinue use of cell phone and turn off ringer Chapter 9 Information, Decision Support… Decision Making and Problem Solving Management Information Systems Decision Support Systems Group Decision Support Systems Artificial Intelligence and Special-Purpose Systems

  2. Key Terms • Decision making • Problem solving • Programmed decisions • Nonprogrammed decisions • Optimization model • Heuristics 9.1 Decision Making and Problem Solving

  3. Decision Making Problem Solving Decision Making & Problem Solving Process Intelligence Stage Potential Problems and opportunities are identified and defined Design Stage Alternative solutions to the problem are developed Choice Stage Select a course of action Implementation Solution put into effect Monitoring Evaluate the implementation

  4. MIS DSS Decision Types • Programmed decisions • Structured situations with well defined relationships • Quantifiable • Non-programmed decisions • Ill-structured situations with vague or changing relationships between variables • Not easily quantifiable in advance

  5. MIS vs. DSS • A MIS sheds light on a wide-range of common, day-to-day business decisions. • A DSS supports decision making for specific unique and difficult decisions.

  6. Optimization and Heuristic Approaches • An optimization model finds the best solution, usually the one that will best help individuals or organizations meet their goals. • Heuristics, often referred to as “rules of thumb”—commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution, but not necessarily the optimal solution—are often used in the decision-making process.

  7. Key Terms • Management Information System (MIS) • Scheduled report • Demand report • Exception report 9.2 Management Information Systems

  8. Management Information Systems (MIS) • MIS: an information system designed to provide routine information to managers and decision makers • Example: • Search for a car on edmunds

  9. MIS Input and Output

  10. Reports, Reports, Reports www.cognos.com/products/business_intelligence/reporting_sapbw/

  11. Reports • Scheduled Reports are produced periodically on a schedule; daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, annually, etc. • Demand Reports are developed to get certain information at a person’s request. • Exception Reports are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires action.

  12. Key Terms • Decision Support System • What-if analysis • Goal-seeking analysis 9.3 Decision Support Systems

  13. Decision Support Systems • A decision support system (DSS) is an information system used to support problem-specific decision making. www.epocrates.com

  14. What-if? • What-if analysis is the process of making hypothetical changes to problem data and observing the impact on the results. What-if is used in projecting paths of hurricanes

  15. Goal-seeking • Goal-seeking analysis is the process of determining what problem data is required for a given result. What must be done in order to safely withdraw troops within a year? What if??? Excel Grade Individual Activity

  16. Key Terms • Group decision support system (GDSS) • Groupware 9.4 Group Decision Support Systems

  17. Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS) • A GDSS or computerized collaborative work system is designed to provide effective support in group decision-making settings. A GDSS is flexible, supports anonymous input, and reduces negative group dynamics

  18. Groupware • GDSS software, called groupware, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management. www.lotus.com

  19. 9.5 AI and Special-Purpose Systems Key Terms • Genetic algorithm • Intelligent agent • Expert system (ES) • Virtual reality • Geographic information system (GIS) • Game theory • Robotics • Vision systems • Natural language processing • Learning systems • Neural network • Fuzzy logic

  20. An Overview of AI • AI systems simulate human thought and behavior. www.cyc.com

  21. Interesting Statistics • It has been estimated that computers that can exhibit humanlike intelligence – including musical and artistic aptitude, creativity, the ability to move physically through the world, and emotional responsiveness – require processing power of 20 million billion calculations per second (petaflops).

  22. Robotics • Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices to perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans. • ASIMO Demo

  23. Other Forms of AI • Vision systems permit computers to capture store and interpret visual imaged and pictures. • Natural language processing, or speech recognition, allows a computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a natural language. • Learning systems allow the computer to change how it functions or reacts to situations based on feedback it receives.

  24. Specialized Systems • A geographic information system (GIS) is capable of storing, manipulating, and displaying geographic or spatial information including maps of locations or regions around the world. • Google Earth • Zillow

  25. Specialized Systems • Game theory involves developing strategies for people, organizations, or even countries that are competing against each other. • Informatics combines traditional disciplines, like science and medicine, with computer systems and technology.

  26. Don’t forget to turn your phone on!! Chapter 9 Questions?

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