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DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE & ROMAN CULTURE

DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE & ROMAN CULTURE. Ⅰ. Greek Culture. Ⅱ. Roman Culture. Greek Culture. The Historical Context. 2. Social and Political Structure. 3. Homer. 4. Lyric Poetry. 5. Drama. Greek Culture. 6. History. 7. Philosophy and Science.

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DIVISION ONE GREEK CULTURE & ROMAN CULTURE

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  1. DIVISION ONEGREEK CULTURE & ROMAN CULTURE Ⅰ. Greek Culture Ⅱ. Roman Culture

  2. Greek Culture • The Historical Context 2. Social and Political Structure 3. Homer 4. Lyric Poetry 5. Drama

  3. Greek Culture 6. History 7. Philosophy and Science 8. Art, Architecture, Sculpture and Pottery 9. Impact

  4. ﹡A war between Greece and Troy ﹡ The successful repulse of the Persian invasion ﹡ The civil war between Athens and Sparta ﹡ The rule of Alexander ﹡ The Romans conquered Greece.

  5. ﹡ Democracy—exercise of power by the whole people ﹡ Slave labor—harsh exploitation in Greek society ﹡ Sports—the Olympic Games Olympus Mount

  6. Homer (around 700 B.C. ) Homer and His Guide, by William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825–1905). The scene portrays Homer on Mount Ida, beset by dogs and guided by the goatherd, Glaucus. (The tale is told in Pseudo-Herodotus). Idealized portrayal of Homer dating to the Hellenistic period. British Museum. Epic poet

  7. Iliad Iliad, Book 8, lines 245-253, in a Greek manuscript of the late fifth or early sixth century AD

  8. Odyssey Charles Gleyre, Odysseus and Nausicaä Odysseus Overcome by Demodocus' Song, by Francesco Hayez, 1813-15

  9. a. Sappho (about 612-580 B.C.) • Woman poet of Lesbos • Being famous for her love peoms of passionate intensity • Being considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece

  10. b. Pindar (about 518-438 B.C.) • Best known for his odes celebrating the victories at the athletic games

  11. a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) ﹡ Prometheus Bound Plays: only two actors and a chorus, written in verse ﹡ Persians ﹡Agamemnon

  12. b. Sophocles (496-406 B.C.) Plays: Contributions: 1. Oedipus the King ＊He contributed greatly to the tragic art. ＊He added a third actor and decreased the size of the chorus. 2. Electra ＊He has had a strong impact on European literature. 3. Antigone

  13. C. Euripides (484-406 B.C.) Plays: Characteristics: • Andromache 1. He was more of a realist, concerned with conflicts. 2. Medea 2. He may be called the first writer of “problem writer”. 3. Trojan Women 3. He wrote mainly about women.

  14. d. Comedy Aristophanes (about 450-380 B.C.) Plays: eleven plays, including Frogs, Clouds, Wasps and Birds Striking feature: 1. coarse language 2. loose in plot and satirical in tone, full of clever parody and acute criticism

  15. a. Herodotus (484-430 B.C.) ★ Father of History ★ Writing about the wars between Greeks and Persians ★Having a keen eye for drama and pathos ★Keeping alive many traditional stories

  16. b. Thucydides (about 460-404 B.C.) ★ An historian: “the greatest historian that ever lived” ★ Telling about the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse ★ Writing with imagination and power

  17. Pythagoras (about 580-500 B.C.) ◆ A bold thinker who had the idea that all things were numbers ◆ The founder of scientific mathematics

  18. Heracleitue (about 540-480 B.C.) ★ Believing fire to be the primary element of the universe, out of which everything else had arisen. ★ Holding the theory of the mingling of opposites and believing that it was the strife between the opposites that produced harmony

  19. Democritus (about 460-370 B. C.) ▼Speculating about the atomic structure of matter ▼ One of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory ▼ One of the earliest philosophical materialists

  20. a. Socrates (about 470-399 B.C.) ﹡Ready to discuss anything in heaven and earth ﹡Specializing in exposing fallacies ﹡The dialectical method

  21. b. Plato (about 428-348 B.C.) ◆ Dialogues: ＊The Apology: Socrates’ defense of himself at the trial ＊Symposium: dealing with beauty and love ＊The Republic: about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets ◆ A comprehensive system of philosophy—Idealism

  22. c. Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) Works: ＊ Ethics: an introduction to moral philosophy ＊ Politics, Poetics: a treatise on literary theory ＊Rhetoric: dealing with the art of persuading an audience

  23. d. Contending Schools of Thought ★ Sophist: teachers of the art of arguing Protagoras: on the Gods ★ Four schools of philosophers: ＊ the Cynics ＊ the Sceptics ＊ the Epicureans ＊ the Stoics

  24. Euclid Elements-- a textbook of geometry, perhaps the most successful textbook ever written

  25. Archimedes (287-212 B.C.) ﹡He discovered that when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced. ﹡He invented machines which greatly helped his native city Syracuse against the Romans. ﹡He did important work not only in geometry, but also in arithmetic, machanics and hydrostatics.

  26. Greek architecture can be grouped into three styles: a. the Doric style: the masculine style ﹡ Sturdy ﹡ Powerful ﹡ Severe-looking ﹡ Showing a good sense of proportions and numbers ﹡ Monotonous and unadorned

  27. b. the Ionic style: the feminine style ﹡Graceful and elegant ﹡Showing a wealth of ornament c. The Corinthian style ﹡Ornamental luxury

  28. The famous temples: ﹡The Acrpolis at Athens (437-432 B.C.) ﹡The Parthenon (447-432 B.C.) ★ They are the finest monument of Greek architecture and sculpture in more than 2000 years

  29. Sculpture: ★ Discus Thrower ★ Venus de Milo ★ Laocoon group about 125 B.C.

  30. Pottery ☆ Black-figure paintings (700-600 B.C.)—paintings that have red background and black figure

  31. ☆Red-figure paintings (-50 B.C.)—paintings on pottery that have black background and pink figure

  32. Impact a. Spirit of Innovation b. Supreme Achievement c. Lasting Effect

  33. Roman Culture 1. Romans and Greeks 2. Roman History 3. Lain Literature 4. Architecture, Painting and Sculpture

  34. Prose ⅰ.Marcus Tullius Cicero (106-43 B.C.) ◆ He was noted for his eloquent, Oratory and fine writing style, described as Ciceronian. ◆ His legal and political speeches are models of Latin diction. ◆ His writing style has had an enormous influence on the development of European prose.

  35. ⅱ. Julius Caesar (102/100?-44 B.C.) Commentaries: models of succinct Latin

  36. Poetry ⅰ. Lucretius (about 93-50 B.C.) On the Nature of Things

  37. ⅱ.Virgil (70-19 B.C.) ★ The greatest of Latin poets ★ His great epic: the Aeneid

  38. ⅰ.The Pantheon The greatest and the best preserved Roman temple, which was built in 27 B.C. and reconstructed in the 2nd century A.D.. It is in a round, domed form and has the world’s first vast interior space.

  39. ⅱ.Pont du Gard It is an exceptionally well-preserved aqueduct that spans a wide valley in southern France.

  40. ⅲ.The Colosseum It is an enormous amphitheatre built in the centre of Rome in imperial times. A masterpiece of engineering, it held more than 5000 spectators. Its interior is two-third of a mile round. The exterior of the Colosseum Interior of the Colosseum

  41. ⅰ. Constantine the Great ﹡It was made in the early fourth century A. D., an enormous head of the first Christian emperor. ⅱ. Spoils from the Temple in Jerusalem ﹡They are records of triumphant procession celebrating the Roman conquest of Judaca in A. D. 70.

  42. ⅲ. She-wolf This is a statue which illustrates the legend of creation of Rome.

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