Textiles

1. Textiles By: Kelsie Ziegler, Julie McElroy, Nick Skific, Mike Anesini, and Liam Hanrahan

2. Famous People • John Kay- He invented the flying shuttle. This was a cord mechanism that moved woof thread more rapidly across the loom. • James Hargreaves- He made a machine called the “jenny”. This machine could produce eight times as much thread as a single spinning wheel. • Richard Arkwright- He made the water frame. This was a machine that was driven by waterpower. Then he created a spinning mill. This was one place where workers and machines made cotton. • Samuel Crompton- He created the spinning mule which combined features of the jenny and the water frame. • Edmund Cartwright- Created power loom which allowed 1 person to weave as much as 200 hand-loom operators. • Eli Whitney- He created the cotton gin. This machine could do the work of 50 people.

3. Advancements • First step in industrialization was the automation of the loom. • To speed up the spinning process, in 1733 a clockmaker invented the flying shuttle. • This led to an increase in cloth production and this led to new innovations and inventions in the years to come. • In 1764, a poor English farmer invented the spinning jenny which could produce thread 8 times faster than a spinning wheel at home. • 5 years later, another Richard Arkwright made the water frame. • The spinning jenny and the flying shuttle can be used at home but the water frame could not be used in the home.

4. Advancements cont. • Arkwright opened a spinning mill where he hired workers to spin fabric and have a set wage limit. • This became the basis for the modern factory system. • Even with all of these advancements, they couldn’t keep up with the demand. • In 1785, an English priest, Edmund Cartwright, designed the power loom which could replace 200 hand looms.

5. Labor Source • Before the industrial revolution, men and woman would hand make their clothes in their homes. This was a domestic system. • This was one of the first times where workers would work a set amount of hours for a set amount of pay. • Many of the machines also replaced jobs that people had before the Industrial revolution. • The workers had a much better life, they were well feed and well paid. • Many of the farmers came to the textile industry because they would make more money for less work.

6. Predictions for Impact • The many advancements in the textile industry: • Increased the speed of textile making. • Made textiles more available and inexpensive. • Increased trade of textiles with other countries. • Mass production in factories allowed more jobs to be created. • This also created a greater need for cotton with helped cotton farmers.

7. Spread and Impact on Other Countries • Different Inventions will spread to other countries • Countries will become more independent because they could make textiles faster (more efficient). •   Other countries will have to import clothing if they can’t receive inventions because of the high productivity of other countries. • Since clothes will be spread faster they can spread to other countries faster. • More jobs in this industry will be created because of the textile industry.

8. Why It Was so Important • The textile was so important to the Industrial Revolution because: • It produced cotton at a faster rate. • The more cotton England made, the more they could trade with other countries. • The more they traded, the more money they received. • It also provided jobs for many people. • It changed the world and the way we produce goods.