New Nations Gain Independence

1. New Nations Gain Independence

2. Journal #44 These are a few of Gandhi’s famous quotes. Choose one and write: What does this quote mean to you? Do you agree/disagree? Why or why not? • “You must be the change you wish to see in the world.” • “I think it would be a good idea.” (When asked what he thought about Western civilization) • “An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.”

3. Gandhi

4. Gandhi’s Principles • Noncooperation and civil disobedience (satyagraha) • Nonviolence (ahimsa) and nonresistance • Self rule/Indian home rule (swaraj) • What are some other examples from history? Non-examples? With a partner, come up with one example and one non-example.

5. Gandhi Primary Source • As you read, answer the following questions on the back of your sheet: • 1. What was Gandhi’s passive resistance? • 2. Why does he say that this kind of passive resistance is the best method for securing rights? • 3. What does Gandhi say about obeying unjust laws?

6. Journal #45 • What examples of Gandhi’s principles did you see in the film yesterday? • Give an example for each: • Noncooperation/civil disobedience • Nonviolence/passive resistance

7. Peer Editing • Step 1: Self Editing • Highlight or underline your thesis • In the margin, write how it is: • Taking a clear position • Arguable • Then, highlight any sentence that contains analysis • Step 2: Peer Editing • Grade the paper according to the rubric by checking the box for each category • If you have any questions or concerns as you are reading, write a ? in the margins

8. Journal #46 • Which of these statements is analysis?  Explain why. •  1. Because Hitler was charismatic, and the Germans were emotionally worn down by the economic depression, they followed him despite some of his unsavory ideas. • 2. Hitler often spoke to crowds of over 40,000, inspiring them with his passionate delivery.

9. Gandhi Discussion • Question 1: Was Gandhi successful in his civil disobedience campaign? • Question 2: Did Gandhi follow the principles he outlined in his Indian Home Rule speech? • Question 3: Do Gandhi’s ideas have any relevance today? • Your questions!

10. Research Paper Tips • Conclusion: Don’t just restate the thesis, but extend your thinking! • What new questions did this research raise for you? • Why is the research you did significant or interesting? Hopefully you will already have demonstrated this! • If you are missing analysis in your paper: • Think about interpreting a primary source that might provide evidence for your thesis • Interpret those quotes!! • Give an argument that a historian has made about your topic and then either support or refute it. Make sure you have the evidence to back it up.

11. More Tips • History papers are in past tense • Title Page and Outline category also includes correct format (font, size, length, etc.)

12. Journal #47 • Brainstorm a list of goals, problems, or areas the leaders must consider when a country goes from being a colony to its own independent nation. • Try to come up with at least 4-5 items on your list! • Example: • Goal: To establish order in the country • Problem: Many different religious and ethnic groups • Area to consider: Education and building schools

13. Presentations • Give the class a brief overview of your research by sharing: • 1. Your country and location • 2. Your country’s former colonial master • 3. When and how the country gained independence • War, nonviolence, diplomacy, etc.

14. Artifacts Viewing • At each exhibit, • View the artifacts. • On your graphic organizers, write: • Location of country • Former colonial master • Year of independence • Then, list the challenges the country has faced since independence.

15. Challenges • For each country, choose the theme you believe is most responsible for their challenges. • Ethnic/religious conflict, economy, government, etc. • What are some common themes and challenges these new nations faced? • How are these countries still affected by these problems? • Why do you think these countries had these problems? Think back to the imperialism unit!

16. Journal #48 • Congratulations on writing a historical research paper! • Reflect on your experience: • What are you most proud of? What did you do well? • What did you have the most difficulty with? What skills do you still need to work on? • What skill or topic would you have liked to have learned more about? • Anything else you want to add

17. Presentations • Briefly tell the class: • Your paper’s topic • Why it interested you • Your thesis/argument

18. Journal #49 • Compare Israel’s problems after independence to the problems faced by India, African nations, or Southeast Asian nations. • List one similarity. • List one difference.

19. Conflicts in the Middle East

20. Background to the conflict • Creation of Israel as an independent state led to many conflicts in the Middle East following World War II • Israeli (Jewish) and Arab/Palestinian (primarily Muslim) claims to the land go back thousands of years • 1948: UN created the new nation of Israel from British-controlled Palestine • Why? What effect did World War II have on this?

21. Background to the conflict • This angered the Palestinians, who were removed from their lands, and several surrounding Arab states. • Conflicts: • First Arab-Israeli War • Suez Crisis • Six Day War • Yom Kippur War • First Intifada • Second Intifada

22. Peace Efforts • Camp David Accords • Oslo Peace Accords • Road Map to Peace

23. Journal #50 • Welcome back! How was your break? • Think back before break: List everything you remember about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. • Hint: Think about the Promises documentary!

24. Promises • Before you watch the film, write down a question you have about this topic. As you watch the film, answer these questions: • Why do these children believe what they believe about their right to the land? • What have these children gone through that shape their view of the other side? • What happens when they meet?

25. Exit Slip • Big question: Write an ICE paragraph answering the question: • Conflicts in the Middle East continue to this day. Do you ever see the two sides reaching a compromise? Explain your answer.

26. Discussion and Debate • Read the handout. Questions: • Which of the two sides do you believe has the more valid claim? Why? • If you believe that a compromise can be reached, what might it look like? What solution might work to bring peace to this region?

27. Journal #51 • What do you remember about Afghanistan from the Cold War unit? • What have you heard about Afghanistan in the news? • Give it your best shot: What is fundamentalism? Specifically, what is religious fundamentalism? You can give an example or definition.

28. Afghanistan Timeline 1979-1989: Soviet Union tries to keep Communist government in power • 1980-1989: Mujahideen fight back, defeating the USSR • 1992-1996: Civil war • 1996: Taliban takes control of Kabul (the capital) and most of the country • 2001: US and Northern Alliance remove Taliban from power; war in Afghanistan begins • 2004: HamidKarzai voted president of Afghanistan; Taliban insurgency (terrorism)

29. Veiling

30. Taliban and Human Rights • Compare your daily schedule to the Taliban’s rules (girls need to look at both sheets). • Circle all of the “rules” that you violate on a daily basis. • Answer questions 1 and 2.

31. Taliban and Human Rights • Then, read the list of human rights. With a partner: • Complete the chart: Which rights do the Taliban violate? How?

32. Beneath the Veil documentary • As you watch, answer questions 3 and 4.

33. Exit Slip • What was a main takeaway you learned about: • 1. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict • 2. Taliban in Afghanistan • Write one question you still have about either of these topics.