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Urinary System Structures

Urinary System Structures. Urine produced by _______________________. Flows into the ____________________. Into the ___________________. Out of the body via the __________________. Urinary System Day 1. Kidney Video. Kidney Location and Size . Anatomy of the Kidney. R enal cortex

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Urinary System Structures

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  1. Urinary System Structures Urine produced by _______________________. Flows into the ____________________. Into the ___________________. Out of the body via the __________________.

  2. Urinary System Day 1

  3. Kidney Video

  4. Kidney Location and Size

  5. Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal cortex • Renal medulla • pyramids • columns • Calyces • Renal pelvis becomes ureter

  6. 180 L of filtrate per day!

  7. The Nephron • Functional units of kidney • 3 parts • Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule • Renal tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct • Peritubular capillary bed

  8. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Day 2 Urine Formation and Storage

  9. Urine Formation

  10. Urine Formation 1. Filtration water and solutes from capillary to Bowman’s capsule 2. Reabsorption water and solutes move from tubule to capillary 3. Secretion wastes in capillary pushed into tubule

  11. Filtration • Smaller than 3 nm pushed out of blood • Hydrostatic pressure • Pushes fluid out • Osmotic pressure • Pulls fluid in (osmosis) • Pressure controls • Constriction of arterioles

  12. Reabsorption • Sodium • actively pumped out • These follow… • glucose, amino acids, ions, vitamins • Osmotic pressure • water follows

  13. Reabsorption

  14. Secretion • Active transport into lumen of tubes • Remaining wastes • Ions to keep blood pH at 7.4 • hydrogen ions (acidic) • bicarbonate ions (basic)

  15. The Renal Medulla • nephron loop • descending loop • reabsorb water • ascending loop • reabsorb sodium

  16. Hormonal Regulation of Urine Volume and Composition • Aldosterone and ADH • Decrease urine volume • Atrial natriuretic peptide • Stretching of atria causes release • Increases urine volume

  17. Urine Storage

  18. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

  19. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • assessing renal function • diabetes • chronic kidney disease • renal dialysis • kidney stones • urinary tract infections

  20. Assessing Renal Function • physical characteristics of urine • pH range 4.5–8.0 • chemical composition of urine • 95% water, 5% waste • glomerular filtration rate • estimate with creatinine concentration in blood

  21. Diabetes • diabetes mellitus • glucose in urine • type I, type II • diabetes insipidus • large amount of dilute urine • ADH not made or not used

  22. Normal Blood Glucose and Blood Insulin Levels • carbohydrate digestion leads to an increase in blood glucose level • increase in blood glucose level causes the pancreas to secrete insulin • increase in blood insulin level causes • liver glucose uptake • liver conversion of glucose to glycogen • skeletal muscle glucose uptake • skeletal muscle conversion of glucose to glycogen

  23. Chronic Kidney Disease • kidney damage • glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min for at least 3 months • develops slowly

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