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Ch. 23 Head and Face

Ch. 23 Head and Face. EYE. Objectives. Describe the anatomy of the head and face. Discuss common injuries to the head, face, teeth, eyes, nose, ears, and scalp. Explain various injuries of the brain that an athlete might suffer as a result of athletic participation.

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Ch. 23 Head and Face

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  1. Ch. 23 Head and Face EYE

  2. Objectives • Describe the anatomy of the head and face. • Discuss common injuries to the head, face, teeth, eyes, nose, ears, and scalp. • Explain various injuries of the brain that an athlete might suffer as a result of athletic participation. • Explain the signs and symptoms of a concussion. • Demonstrate on-field management and assessment of concussions

  3. Eye • 1 inch in diameter • Lacrimal ducts-tear ducts • Empties into nasal passage • Conjuctiva-outermost covering of the eye • 3 layers that make up the wall • Sclera • Choroid • Retina

  4. Sclera • White part of the eye • Cornea • Window of the eye • Very sensitive to pain and touch

  5. Choroid Coat • Middle layer • Pupil-opening that permits light • Iris-colored part of the eye • Based on melanin present • Extrinsic eye muscles • Moves eye around • Intrinsic eye muscles • Constricts and dilates pupils

  6. Retina • Innermost layer • Does not extend to the front of the eye • Light rays from an object forms an image • Rods and cones-special cells sensitive to light • Retina may change shape causing objects to appear blurry • Correct with contacts or glasses

  7. Corneal Abrasion • A scratch or small cut of the cornea • Caused by dirt, foreign object, or rubbing eyes hard • Fluorescent strips

  8. Eye Contusion • Also known as black eye • Caused by blow to the eye • Should have no vision problems • Discoloration is from bleeding under the skin • Treat with cold compress

  9. Orbital Blow-out Fracture • Fracture of the bones supporting the socket • Caused by blow to the eye by large object • S/S: pain around eye and with eye movement • Cover both eyes and refer to doctor

  10. Hyphema • Bleeding in the eye • Blood will begin to pool in the anterior portion of the eye • Must refer to doctor immediately • Left untreated may cause blindness

  11. Conjunctivitis • Pink Eye • Infection of the conjunctiva • Could be viral, allergic, or bacterial • Treat with cold compress and eye drops • Prescriptions may be required for serious cases

  12. Detached Retina • Caused by blow or even a hard sneeze • Blurred vision • May see sparks, flashes, or a curtain across field of vision • Surgery may be performed to save vision

  13. Stye • Staph infection on the eyelid • Can be external or internal • Apply warm compress

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