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Alkali Metals

Alkali Metals. Grayson Johnson Emily Pona Kara Sherman Joe Baylor. Elements in Group. Lithium (Li) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) Rubidium (Rb) Cesium (Cs) Francium (Fr). Atomic Numbers and Mass. Li- 3; 6.841amu Na- 11; 27.989768amu K- 19; 39.0983amu Rb- 37; 85.4678amu

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Alkali Metals

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  1. Alkali Metals Grayson Johnson Emily Pona Kara Sherman Joe Baylor

  2. Elements in Group • Lithium (Li) • Sodium (Na) • Potassium (K) • Rubidium (Rb) • Cesium (Cs) • Francium (Fr)

  3. Atomic Numbers and Mass • Li- 3; 6.841amu • Na- 11; 27.989768amu • K- 19; 39.0983amu • Rb- 37; 85.4678amu • Cs- 55;132.90546amu • Fr- 87; 223.0197amu

  4. Valence Electrons and Electron Configurations • Each has 1 valence electron • Li- 1s12s1 • Na- [Ne] 3s11 • K- [Ar] 4s1 • Rb- [Kr] 5s1 • Cs- [Xe] 6s1 • Fr- [Rn] 7s1 Sodium

  5. Melting and Boiling Points • Li-M: 97.72C; B: 883C • Na-M: 180.5C; B: 1342C • K-M: 68.38C; B: 759.0C • Rb-M: 39.31C; B: 688.0C • Cs-M: 28.5C; B: 678.4C • Fr-M: 27.0C; B: 677.0C Rubidium

  6. Color And Atomic size • Li- silver • Na- silver • K- silver • Rb- silver - white • Cs- silver • Fr- unknown metallic is accepted; 270pm

  7. Density and Crystal Structure • Li- 0.53g/cm3 • Na- 0.971g/cm3 • K- 0.862g/cm3 • Rb- 1.53g/cm3 • Cs- 1.873g/cm3 • Fr-@293k: 1.873g/cm3 • All crystal structures are cubic/ body centered cubic

  8. 1st Ionization Energy and Electronegativity • Li- 502.2kJ mol-1; 0.98 (pauling scale) • Na- 9.548kJ mol-1; 0.93 • K- 418.8kJ mol-1; 0.82 • Rb- 403kJ mol-1; 0.82 • Cs- 589.8kJ mol-1; 0.79 • Fr- 384kJmol-1; 0.7 (lowest)

  9. Ion Formation, Charge, and Size • All lose one electron and are smaller than the original • All positively charged • Li- 76 • Na- 102 • K- 138 • Rb- 152 • Cs- 167 • Fr- 180

  10. Properties • Li- Reacts with oxygen to form monoxide and peroxide, tarnishes easily with oxygen, only one that forms a nitrate • Na- Reacts quickly with water, ice, and snow • K- Soft easily cut, tarnishes easily with oxygen, actually catches fire when it begins to react with water, reacts vigorously with all halogens • Rb- Reacts violently with water and even ice at 100 degrees C • Cs- Reacts explosively in water to produce cesium hydroxide, extremely strong base that can rapidly corrode glass • Fr- Highly radioactive, 22min half life

  11. Compounds Formed • Li- Lithium Hydride, Lithium Fluoride, Lithium Chloride • Na- Sodium Hydride, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Fluoride • K- K2O, KH, KCI • Rb- Rb2O, Rb2O2, RbH, RbCI • Cs- Cs2O, Cs2, Cs2O2, CsH, CsCI • Fr- none

  12. Uses • Li- Rechargeable (and non) lithium batteries • Na- modify alloys (ex. Aluminum silicon) • K- Used as an electrolyte in batteries and to make soap, explosive in gunpowder, healthy alternative to salt • Rb- Used in dating rocks, purple fireworks, making glasses and ceramics, removes trace gases • Cs- Removes air traces in vacuum cleaners • Fr- too unstable, therefore research purposes only

  13. Strange Facts • Francium completed the discovery of naturally occurring elements (all found after were man-made.) • Cesium is the most alkaline of all the elements and is an extremely reactive metal • Francium is the least electronegative of all

  14. Exceptions • Rubidium and Francium are the only ones without the accepted silver color • Lithium is the only one of group 1 that produces a nitrate when it reacts with Nitrogen

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