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Montgomery Boycott and Civil Rights Movement

Montgomery Boycott and Civil Rights Movement. G Moore. Background to Boycott. Main Events of Boycott. Consequences of Boycott. Rosa Parks aged 90. Rosa died 2005. Lying in State. Funeral. Aretha Franklin at funeral Tributes took 7 hours!!. Bernice King. Changes in High Schools.

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Montgomery Boycott and Civil Rights Movement

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  1. Montgomery Boycott and Civil Rights Movement G Moore

  2. Background to Boycott

  3. Main Events of Boycott

  4. Consequences of Boycott

  5. Rosa Parks aged 90

  6. Rosa died 2005

  7. Lying in State

  8. Funeral

  9. Aretha Franklin at funeralTributes took 7 hours!!

  10. Bernice King

  11. Changes in High Schools • SUPREME COURT RULING 1956 – SCHOOL SEGREGATION UNCONSTITUTIONAL • ALL WHITE SCHOOLS HAD TO ACCEPT BLACK STUDENTS • MAJOR CLASH IN LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS • STATE GOVERNOR REFUSED TO ACCEPT INTEGRATED SCHOOLS

  12. The Little Rock 9 • 9 BLACK STUDENTS TRIED TO ENTER LITTLE ROCK HIGH SCHOOL • VERBALLY ABUSED – THREATENED – SENT HOME FOR SAFETY • 1100 FEDERAL TROOPS SENT TO PROTECT THE “LITTLE ROCK 9” • HAD TO BE PROTECTEDFOR OVER A YEAR

  13. Universities • SEGREGATED UNIVERSITIES NOT ALLOWED • UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI THE FLASH POINT • JAMES MEREDITH REFUSED ENTRY • NAACP WON RIGHT OF MEREDITH TO ATTEND • JFK SENT FEDERAL TROOPS TO PROTECT HIM • RIOTS – 2 DIED – HUNDREDS INJURED • 20K TROOPS TO KEEP THE PEACE • UNIVERSITIES INTEGRATED VERY SLOWLY

  14. The Sit-in Protests • PROTESTS BEGAN IN NORTH CAROLINA • STUDENTS LED THE PROTESTS • 4 BLACK STUDENTS SAT AT “WHITES-ONLY” COUNTER • BEGAN A “SIT-IN” PROTEST – SPREAD TO OTHER PLACES - ATTACKED • SNCC THE MAIN PROTEST ORGANISERS • OVER 50K YOUNG PEOPLE INVOLVED IN PROTEST • CAMPAIGN ALSO SUCCESSFUL

  15. KKK attacks on Inter-state buses

  16. Victim

  17. Violence and intimidation • CIVIL RIGHTS MARCHES CAME UNDER ATTACK • WORST ATTACKS IN BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA • POLICE USED VERY EXTREMETACTICS • 4 YOUNG GIRLS KILLED IN CHURCH BOMBING 1963 • 3 CIVIL RIGHTS WORKERS MURDERED IN MISSISSIPPI 1964 • KU KLUX KLAN INVOLVED IN ALL ATTACKS

  18. Speech 5.40 • http://mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/documentsentry/doc_eulogy_for_the_martyred_children/

  19. Eulogy at funerals • And yet they died nobly and this afternoon in a real sense they have something to say to each of us in their death. They have something to say to every minister of the gospel who has remained silent behind the safe security of stained-glass windows. They have something to say to every politician [Audience:] (Yeah) who has fed his constituents with the stale bread of hatred and the spoiled meat of racism.

  20. MLK eulogy • And so today, you do not walk alone. You gave to this world wonderful children. [moans] They didn’t live long lives, but they lived meaningful lives. (Well) Their lives were distressingly small in quantity, but glowingly large in quality. (Yeah) And no greater tribute can be paid to you as parents, and no greater epitaph can come to them as children, than where they died and what they were doing when they died. (Yeah)

  21. MLK • They did not die in the dives and dens of Birmingham (Yeah, Well), nor did they die discussing and listening to filthy jokes. (Yeah) They died between the sacred walls of the church of God (Yeah, Yes), and they were discussing the eternal meaning (Yes) of love

  22. This stands out as a beautiful, beautiful thing for all generations. (Yes) Shakespeare had Horatio to say some beautiful words as he stood over the dead body of Hamlet. And today, as I stand over the remains of these beautiful, darling girls, I paraphrase the words of Shakespeare: (Yeah, Well

  23. : Good night, sweet princesses. Good night, those who symbolize a new day. (Yeah, Yes) And may the flight of angels (That’s right) take thee to thy eternal rest. God bless you.

  24. Thomas BlantonJailed in May 2001

  25. Mississippi car from swamp

  26. Mississippi trialJailed but NOT for murder

  27. Edgar Ray KillenFinally convicted in June 2001

  28. Civil Rights Act • SIGNED BY L.B. JOHNSON • SEGREGATION FORBIDDEN IN PUBLIC PLACES • EQUAL EMPLOYMENT COMMISSION FORMED • NO FUNDING FOR SEGREGATED SCHOOLS, HOSPITALS etc • GOAL – END ALL SEGREGATION BASED ON RACE OR RELIGION 

  29. Voting Rights Act • MISSISSIPPI WORST STATE FOR VOTING • HUGE PROTESTS TOOK PLACE • MLK ORGANISED FAMOUS MACH FROM SELMA TO MONTGOMERY • ACT SIGNED BY LBJ IN 1965 • OUTLAWED LITERACY TESTS AND POLL TAX • CITIZENSHIP ONLY REQUIREMENT TO VOTE • HUGE INCREASE IN # BLACK VOTERS IN SOUTH

  30. Other Black Protestors • BEGAN IN EARLY 1960’s WITH MALCOLM X • HE BECAME LEADER OF NATION OF ISLAM • HE URGED BLACK PEOPLE TO FIGHT BACK • OTHER NEW ORGANISATIONS ALSO CREATED • MOST FAMOUS WAS THE BLACK PANTHERS • SLOGAN WAS “BLACK POWER” – YOUNG URBAN BLACK SUPPORTERS • BECAME VERY MILITANT AND CONTOVERSIAL

  31. Conclusion • CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT DID SUCCEED • MANY BLACK PEOPLE WENT ON TO GREAT SUCCESS • LARGE NUMBER OF BLACK POLITICIANS ELECTED • BUT BY 1989 – ONE-THIRD BLACK FAMILIES IN POVERTY • BLACK UNEMPLOYMENT OVER TWICE THAT OF WHITES

  32. Conclusion • YOUNG BLACK UNEMPLOYMENT AT 30-40% • BLACK LIFE EXPECTANCY 10 YEARS LOWER THAN WHITES • HUGE PROBLEMS OF CRIME AND DRUG ABUSE IN BLACK AREAS • WASHINTON DC – 42% YOUNG BLACK MEN IN JAIL/PROBATION/PAROLE

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