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An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet

An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet. Sophie Carton Climate KIC Contextual Learning Journey – July 2010. Grignon Energy Positive project at AgroParisTech experimental farm. Introduction to Grignon Energie Positive programme

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An innovative ecological intensification project for society and the planet

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  1. An innovativeecological intensification project for society and the planet Sophie CartonClimate KIC Contextual Learning Journey – July 2010

  2. Grignon Energy Positive projectatAgroParisTechexperimentalfarm • Introduction to Grignon Energie Positive programme • Assessing Grignon farm’sfossil fuel consumptions and GHG emissions • Measuring Grignon farm’sfossil fuel consumptions and GHG emissions • Reducing Grignon farm’sfossil fuel consumptions and GHG emissions • Informing and educating the professionals, the general public and the future generation

  3. Introduction to Grignon energie positive programme

  4. Origins of the project

  5. Main focuses Theenvironmentalchallenge Pr. Olivier Lapierre, professoratAgroParisTech and director of Céréopa Positive communication and civiceducation

  6. Scientific and institutionalenvironment AgroParisTechCéréopaInra system Grignon experimentalfarm Public and privatepartners

  7. Grignon experimentalfarm • CROPS • 550 hectares split in 3 main parts(Grignon, Bois-d’Arcy & Palaiseau) • Cereals: 275 ha • Maize: 82 ha • Rapeseed: 30 ha • Grassland and foddercrops: 148 ha • Fallow: 12 ha • Energeticcrops: 3 ha • LIVESTOCK • 120 dairycows (1.2 million liters quota) • 500 ewes(meat and breeding) PROCESSING & CONDITIONING 500 000 L of processedmilk (yogurts, bottledmilk and cheese) DIRECT SELLING EDUCATION

  8. An educationaltool for the general public and AgroParisTechengineerstudents

  9. Assessing Grignon Farm’s GHG emissions and Fossil fuel CONsumptions

  10. The project’s values : the 3 P’s

  11. First environmentalassessment in 2005 Fossil fuel consumption: 17 000 GJ (408 tep) Equivalent to 100 persons. GHG emission: 2 600 t eq CO2 Equivalent to 440 persons.

  12. Resultsthatneed to bekeptinto perspective Grignon farm consumes as muchfossil fuel as 100 people and emits as muchgreenhousegas as 440 people... ... But itcanfeedbetween7500 and 9500people.

  13. Transformation follow-up • The environmental performance dashboard: Our environmentalaccountingtool Material and energyflows Information on croppingsystems Impact coefficients Environmental performance dashboard • Detection of levers for improvement of agricultural and processingactivities • Criticalexamination of impact coefficients • Adaptability to otherfarms 1 2 Evolution of performance indicators 3

  14. Measuring Grignon Farm’s GHG emissions and Fossil fuel CONsumptions

  15. Measurement of nitrousoxideemissionsfromcrops A hermetic chamber is laid on the ground. • Three air samples are made while N2O is accumulating in the chamber The gradient indicates the dynamics of N2O emissions from the ground Gradient Time • The N2O emissions from the ground are trapped in the chamber. N2O concentration increases with time. • Air samples are analysed in order to determine N2O concentrations • Betterknowledge and understanding of crops’ impacts on climate • Ability to test impacts of differenttechnicalitineraries on N2O emissions • Contribution to and questioning of existingreferences on N2Oemissionsfromcrops

  16. Follow-up of N2O emissionsfromcrops: results Anthropogenicemissions of N2O (kg N-N2O.ha-1) Nitrogen input (fertilizer and fixation) (kg N.ha-1) • Important interannual variations of emission coefficients

  17. Measurement of cows’ entericmethaneemissions • SF6 capsule • PVC evacuated tube • Capillary tube reaching the cow’snostrils • Betterunderstanding of mechanismsunderlyingentericmethaneemission • Ability to test the impacts of differentdiets on CH4 emissions • Contribution to and questioning of existingreferences 1 2 3

  18. REDUCING Grignon farm’s GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumptions

  19. CROPS LIVESTOCK CROP OUTPUTS LIVESTOCK OUTPUTS GLOBAL PERFORMANCE of the system described into details PerfAgroP3: an optimizationtooldesigned to test progresspathways Purchase of crop inputs Purchase of livestock feed • Areas • Yields • Crop management • Rotation constraints Nutritional value of fodder Valeurs fertilisantes des effluents • Diet according to age • Grazing calendar • Etc. Political and economiccontext

  20. CROPS LIVESTOCK GLOBAL PERFORMANCE of the system described into details PerfAgroP3 performance indicators: back to the 3 P’s Examples of output indicators Economic margin(€/an) Etc. Quantity of work(hours/yr) Number of people fed Dairy cow diet at different lactation stages GHG emissions Fossil fuel used on the farm (MJ/an) Cost of constraints (milk quota, farm area etc.)

  21. Adaptations of the production system Increase in share of legumes in crop rotation Maintenance of a high production level Minimal soilworkwhenever possible More grazingfor non productive cows(dry cows and heifers) Test of energeticcropson 3 ha (switchgrass & miscanthus) Cerealchaffharvest Increase in cattlefeedenergeticdensity(e.g. withrape cake)

  22. A significantimprovement in milk production More pronounced for energythan for GHG - 40% fossil fuel consumption (per liter of milk) - 20% greenhousegasemissions (per liter of milk)

  23. - 16 % - 39 % Improvement lever of milkenergetic performance Cattlefeedis the strongest lever Effluent transfer Others Gas Electricity Cattlefeed

  24. Grignon yogurt’senvironmental profile

  25. Mitigatedresults for crops • Increase in global GHG emissions and fossil fuel consumptions by nearly 30% • Increase in number of people potentiallyfed … not sobad in the end! • High influence of climate … difficult to control!

  26. Environmentalcosts of crops • High impact of chemicalfertilizers • Nitrogen balances • Organicfertilizationwhereever possible Others Machines Fuel Effluents Chemical fertilizers Fossil fuel Greenhouse gas Structure of cash crops’ environmental costs

  27. Example of innovation: chaffharvest Chaffharvest: fieldweeding, facilitation of non-tilling practices, less herbicides and production of renewableenergy if chaffisburnt in a biomass boiler.

  28. Towards the positive energyfarm and the carbonneutralyogurt? • Biomethanisation unit with a capacity of 10 000 tons of waste(halffarmwaste and halfurbanwaste), • 2 250 K€investment • Energy production of 664 tep: twice the farm’sfossil fuel consumptions in 2008 (315 tep) • 3 051 MWhelectricity (sold to EDF) • 2 350 MWhheat (2/3 consumed on the farm) • « Compensation » of 1 760 tons CO2 eq.: 81 % of the farm’semissions in 2008 (withouttakingintoaccount the economy of fertilizers).

  29. Beyond GHG and fossil fuel: biodiversity etc. • Biodiversityfollow-up • Betterunderstanding of the impact of our practices on biodiversity • Contribution to references on agricultural biodiversity • Testing and questioning of existingbiodiversityindicators 1 Selectedindicators 2 3

  30. Informing and educating the professionals, the general public and the future generation

  31. Agriculture in the hot seat A new perspective on agriculture

  32. Communicatingpositivelytowards the professionals • GE+ website (in englishtoo!): 3 000 visitors/month + newsletter (1 200 subscribers) • Liflet, article and poster edition • Participation in workshops and seminars • Organisation of visits for professionals (farmers, firms in agribusiness…) 1 2 3 4

  33. Educating the engineerstudents • The farm: apedagogicaltool to teach about agriculture • The project: a pedagogicaltool to teach about environmental issues in agriculture 1 2

  34. Technical and scientificwatch • Technical and scientificwatchdatabase: • A real demandfrom the public (over 100 visits/day) • Used in the newsletter to inform about the latest news on GHG/energy • Used to inform the team • Helps to question our practices and find new solutions 1 2 3 4

  35. Positive communication • Communication on intensive, high-performing « real agriculture » • Communication on environmentalimprovementpathways of agriculture • Communication on benefitsthat agricultural producersprovide to society 1 2 3

  36. Civic education • Creation of fun and pedagogicalactivities and games

  37. Civic education • Creation of an educativewebsite http://www.agroparistech.fr/assietteplanete/ • Original and pertinent positioning : from the plate to the planet (nutrition & climate) • Downloadableteachingaids • Positive communication! 1 2 3

  38. For more information… http://www.agroparistech.fr/energiepositive • Sophie Carton : sophie.carton@agroparistech.fr

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