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RASPBERRY PI BASED MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

RASPBERRY PI BASED MOTOR SPEED CONTROL. SUBMITTED BY EDGEFX TEAM. ABSTRACT. The speed of motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the motor

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RASPBERRY PI BASED MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

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  1. RASPBERRY PI BASED MOTOR SPEED CONTROL SUBMITTED BY EDGEFX TEAM

  2. ABSTRACT • The speed of motor is directly proportional to the DC voltage applied across its terminals. • PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave can be used to control the speed of the motor • the average voltage given or the average current flowing through the motor will change depending on the ON and OFF time of the pulses • The duty cycle of the wave controls its speed . On changing the duty cycle (ON time), we can change the speed

  3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

  4. HARD WARE EQUIPMENTS • POWER SUPPLY • RASPBERRY BOARD • MOTOR DRIVER • DC MOTOR • PWM • KEYBOARD • ANY VIDEO DISPLAY • 1N4007 • LED • RESISTORS & CAPACITORS

  5. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS Definition for :- EMBEDDED SYSTEMS • A combination of hardware and software which together form a component of a larger machine. • An example of an embedded system is a microprocessor that controls an automobile engine. • An embedded system is designed to run on its own without human intervention, and may be required to respond to events in real time.

  6. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

  7. Introduction to the Raspberry Pi AND LINUX FOR DUMMIES

  8. What is it??? 700Mhz ARM v6 Broadcomm CPU+GPU512 MB RAM (256MB onModel A) Boots off SD card forfilesystem USB, Audio out, LAN(Model B only) HDMI + Composite videoout GPIO pins Powered off 5V, ~700ma(500ma on Model A)

  9. What was the point? Meant to be a very inexpensive, open computer to help give kids access to computers that they could experimentwith, like many of us did in the 1980’s. Hooks up to TV’s, USB KB+mouse, powered off cell phone power adaptors - things many of us have already!SD storage so easy to reflash if you screw it upLinux based OS, so easy to get in and see how it works.Also has GPIO so possible to use for robotics!HUGE community following! (Not true of many of thesetypes of devices…) Think Arduino popular… (>1M unitssold in the first year…)

  10. What sort of performance? Default is 700Mhz, but most will overclock to ~1GhzStock is roughly as powerful as a 400Mhz Pentium 2.GPU is basically as powerful as what was on the original Xbox. The SD interface is a bit slow, BUT you can hook upa normal mechanical HD or SSD or USB thumb driveand get a bit better performance. SD is great thoughbecause no moving parts and small. 100Mbit Ethernet, but it is attached through the USBinterface and rarely gets full speed.

  11. GPIO 3.3V (NON PROTECTED!)I2C, Serial, SPI, etc. No A/D, so no analog inputCan do software-based PWMLibraries exist for interacting with the GPIO through yourfavorite language http://elinux.org/RPi_Low-level_peripherals#GPIO_hardware_hacking

  12. Comparison to XYZ uC?Apples and Oranges..  Not real time!  Way more RAM + Storage - can do more advanced algorithms, or  Can be daunting if you don’t know Linux perform data logging. Can debug in place! BIG learning curve, but really depends on what you’re trying to  Easy/quick to change program - no “reprogramming/uploading” Interfacing to LOTS of other do. And remember the whole point of this thing is computer hardware (webcams, etc. EDUCATION! GREAT platform tolearn Linux on!  INSANE amounts of software out there for Linux, and a lot of it  X still isn’t accelerated No A/D, no analog inputs, not works on the Pi!  Can do projects that require a GUI protected GPIO  Nowhere near as many pins as say, Arduino Uno to work with MUCH pickier about power (very  Can run and chain together multiple programs  Network connectivity and remote access narrow input voltage tolerance(4.8-5.2V)

  13. Some other cool things… • Can run XMBC Home Theater PC softwareTurn your TV into a Smart TV! • Emulators for tons of old platforms (C64, Atari, NES,etc.) • Games - OpenTTD, OpenArena, more…Has it’s own app store… • Several OS options - Raspbian (Debian optimized for Rpi), Debian (non-optimized), Arch Linux, RISC-OS, NetBSD - NO UBUNTU (but not a big deal)

  14. Getting started…(with Raspbian) First boot will run a config program…  Can config settings such as the RAM mix between CPU/GPU based on your needs, overclocking, locale info, clock, etc. HIGHLY recommend installing “Rpi-update” (google for it) -updates software and Linux Kernel If you want to install more software:  Sudo apt-get update  Sudo apt-cache search “something in the name” Sudo apt-get install packagename Doing the above will update the software available list, showyou any packages that have a match for the search text, installthe named package(s) and any dependencies. If you plan to use the desktop, install synaptic packagemanager for a graphical way to manage software…

  15. Graphical Desktop Type: “startx” This will launch the LXDE graphicaldesktop. A more “windows-ish” environment. You’ll notice this seems slow - X (the graphical desktop foundation) hasn’t been optimized (YET) touse the GPU for rendering, so has to do it with theslower CPU. Still useable though, just don’t expectmiracles! Requires you to allocate RAM to the GPU - so takewith grain of salt. Takes away from system RAM.

  16. So what else do you want to know about??? ROS - the non-graphics (read core, important stuff)can be run, but it’s a headache to get it built andworking. (I have a SD card image with Fuerte onRaspbian if you want it.) Time for discussion!!!

  17. Good Sources for Info Raspberry Pi Manual Raspberrypi.org + associated forums (LOTS of traffichere!) www.elinux.org - entire areas on this wiki for theRpi. Adafruit.com/category/105 - products, tutorials,and an educational distro of Linux for the Pi. Youtube - TONS of Rpi related videos

  18. PWM • The PWM switching frequency has to be much faster than what would affect the load, which is to say the device that uses the power. • The term duty cycle describes the proportion of on time to the regular interval or period of time; • a low duty cycle corresponds to low power, because the power is off for most of the time. Duty cycle is expressed in percent, 100% being fully on.

  19. PWM APPLICATIONS • Telecommunications • Power delivery • Voltage regulation • Audio effects and amplification.

  20. LED LEDs are semiconductor devices are made out of silicon When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a byproduct. Normal light bulbs produce light by heating a metal filament until its white hot LEDs present many advantages over traditional light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size and faster switching

  21. DC- MOTOR • A DC motor is an electric motor that runs on direct current (DC) electricity. In any electric motor, operation is based on simple electromagnetism. • A simple 2-pole DC electric motor (here red represents a magnet or winding with a "North" polarization, while green represents a magnet or winding with a "South" polarization). • Every DC motor has six basic parts -- axle, rotor (a.k.a., armature), stator, commutator, field magnet(s), and brushes.

  22. MOTOR DRIVER (L293D) • Features: • Wide supply-voltage range: 4.5V to 36V • Separate input- logic supply • Internal ESD protection • Thermal shutdown • High-Noise-Immunity input • Functional Replacements for SGS L293 and SGS L293D • Output current 1A per channel (600 mA for L293D) • Peak output current 2 A per channel (1.2 A for L293D) • Output clamp diodes for Inductive Transient suppression(L293D)

  23. DESCRIPTION • L293D is a dual H-bridge motor driver integrated circuit (IC). • In its common mode of operation, two DC motors can be driven simultaneously, both in forward and reverse direction. • The motor operations of two motors can be controlled by input logic at pins 2 & 7 and 10 & 15. • Input logic 00 or 11 will stop the corresponding motor. Logic 01 and 10 will rotate it in clockwise and anticlockwise directions, respectively. • Enable pins 1 and 9 (corresponding to the two motors) must be high for motors to start operating. When an enable input is high, the associated driver gets enabled

  24. BIBILOGRAPHY • www.beyondlogic.org • www.wikipedia.org • www.howstuffworks.com • www.alldatasheets.com

  25. THANK ‘Q’

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