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Example Foreign Exchange Problems Spring 2013

Example Foreign Exchange Problems Spring 2013. Transaction 1 – Chocolate Purchase.

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Example Foreign Exchange Problems Spring 2013

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  1. ExampleForeign ExchangeProblemsSpring 2013

  2. Transaction 1 – Chocolate Purchase Candy Designs of USA purchases chocolate from Switzerland. Candy Designs will pay SF15,000,000 in 90 days. The present spot exchange rate is US$1.0548/SF. The 90 day forward contract exchange rate is US$ 1.0559/SF. The annual prime lending rate in Switzerland is 2.7% per annum. The annual deposit rate in Switzerland is .2% per annum. Candy Designs cost of capital is 9.00% per annum.

  3. What could happen? • Value of purchase transaction today in US$ SF 15,000,000 X US$ 1.0548/SF = US$ 15,822,000 • Depreciation of US$ example SF 15,000,000 X US$ 1.0612/SF = US$ 15,918,000 • Appreciation of US$ example SF 15,000,000 X US$ 1.0531/SF = US$ 15,796,500 Don’t know what will happen – leads to actions to prevent foreign exchange rate risk

  4. 90 Day Forward Contract SF 15,000,000 X US$ 1.0559/SF = US$ 15,838,500 paid in 90 days Need Present Value (PV) of this payment, must discount by Candy Designs’ cost of capital PV = Forward Value = US$ 15,838,500 = US$ 15,489,976 (1+ cost of capital ) (1 + .09 ) fraction of year 4

  5. Asset – Liability Hedging Candy Designs has an Accounts Payable of SF 15,000,000, a Liability, and needs to match with an Asset, a 90 day bank deposit in Switzerland. The logic is that after 90 days, the bank deposit’s principal and interest will pay off the Accounts Payable. The amount to deposit in Switzerland is: Amount for deposit = Value of Accounts Payable (1 + deposit rate ) fraction of year = SF 15,000,000 = SF 14,992,503 (1 + .002 ) 4 Amount of US$ required for the SF 14,992,503 bank deposit: Multiple today’s spot rate US$ 1.0548/SF X 14,992,503 = US$ 15,814,092

  6. Which to choose? • PV of 90 day Forward Contract = US$ 15,489,976 • Asset-Liability Hedging = US$ 15,814,092 • Choose Forward Contract – Pay less US$ for the purchase • Lessons • Must make financial calculations to make choice • Must determine present value of forward contract by discounting using firm’s cost of capital • No method of foreign exchange risk protection is always better than another, can only be determined through financial analysis

  7. Transaction 2 – Candy SALE Candy Designs sells UK£ 10,500,000 of chocolate candy statutes in the United Kingdom (UK) and will receive payment in 180 days. The spot exchange rate is US$ 1.5160/ UK£. The 180 day forward contract exchange rate is US$ 1.5149/ UK£. The annual prime lending rate in the UK is 4.1% per annum. The annual bank deposit rate in the UK is 1.00% per annum. Candy Designs’ cost of capital is 9.00% per annum.

  8. What could happen? • Value of sales transaction today in US$ UK£ 10,500,000 X US$ 1.5160/UK£ = US$ 15,918,000 • Depreciation of US$ UK£ 10,500,000 X US$ 1.5342/UK£ = US$ 16,109,100 • Appreciation of US$ UK£ 10,500,000 X US$ 1.4956/UK£ = US$ 15,703,800 Don’t know what will happen – leads to actions to prevent foreign exchange rate risk

  9. 180 Day Forward Contract UK£ 10,500,000 X US$ 1.5149/ UK£ = US$ 15,906,450 received in 180 days Need Present Value (PV) of this sale, must discount by Candy Designs’ cost of capital PV = Forward Value = US$ 15,906,450 = US$ 15,221,483 (1+ cost of capital ) (1 + .09 ) fraction of year 2

  10. Asset – Liability Hedging Candy Designs has an Accounts Receivable of UK£ 10,500,000, an Asset, and needs to match with a Liability, a 180 day loan in the UK. The logic is that after 180 days, the received payment will be sufficient to pay off the 180 bank loan principal plus interest. The amount to borrow in UK: Amount to Borrow = Value of Accounts Receivable (1 + borrowing rate) fraction of year Amount to Borrow = UK£ 10,500,000 = UK£ 10,289,074 (1 + .041 ) 2 Amount of US$ received from the UK£ 10,289,074 bank loan Multiple today’s spot rate US$ 1.5160/UK£ X UK£ 10,289,074= US$ 15,598,236

  11. Which to choose? • PV Forward Contract = US$ 15,221,483 • Asset-Liability Hedging = US$ 15,598,236 • Choose Asset-Liability Hedging – Receive more US$ for the sale • Lessons • Must make financial calculations to make choice • Must determine present value of forward contract by discounting using firm’s cost of capital • No method of foreign exchange risk protection is always better than another, can only be determined through financial analysis

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