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CLARIFIERS

CLARIFIERS. Prepared By Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Operator Training and Certification Unit. CLARIFIERS. Clarifiers Sedimentation Basins Settling Tanks. Provide Quiescent Area Separation of Solids. Settleable. Floatable. Clarifiers.

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CLARIFIERS

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  1. CLARIFIERS Prepared By Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Operator Training and Certification Unit

  2. CLARIFIERS Clarifiers Sedimentation Basins Settling Tanks Provide Quiescent Area Separation of Solids Settleable Floatable

  3. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 1. Characteristics of the Solids 2. Characteristics of the Water 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier

  4. 2(p - po)g 9n (d/2)2 VF = Stoke’s Law VF = Fall Velocity (p - po)= Density difference between particle and water n = viscosity of water g = gravitational acceleration constant d = diameter of the particle

  5. Stoke’s Law Forget the Formula Remember the Removal Efficiency Depends on Several Factors VF = Fall Velocity (p - po)= Density difference between particle and water n = viscosity of water g = gravitational acceleration constant d = diameter of the particle

  6. Particle Size versus Settling Time Particle Size mm Order of Size Time to Settle

  7. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 1. Characteristics of the Solids 2. Characteristics of the Water 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier

  8. VF = Fall Velocity (p - po)= Density difference between particle and water n = viscosity of water g = gravitational acceleration constant d = diameter of the particle Stoke’s Law Forget the Formula Remember the Removal Efficiency Depends on Several Factors

  9. Settling Rate Cold Water More Dense More Viscous Warm Water Less Dense Less Viscous Solids Settle More Readily in Warm Water Than in Cold Water Warm Water - Greater Efficiency of Clarification Cool Water- Less Efficiency of Clarification

  10. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 1. Characteristics of the Solids 2. Characteristics of the Water 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier

  11. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier Surface Area Depth Hydraulic Loading Solids Loading

  12. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier Surface Area Depth Hydraulic Loading Solids Loading Design Operation Maintenance

  13. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier Flow Characteristics in the Clarifier Flow Must be Dispersed Evenly Throughout

  14. Clarifier Short Circuiting Density Currents Higher Flow (Horizontal Velocity) in One Part of Tank Currents Within the Tank Carry Solids Through the Tank.  Not the Same as Excessive Hydraulic Load (Detention Time vs. Fall Velocity)

  15. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes Missing or poor influent baffling

  16. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes Missing or poor influent baffling

  17. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes Missing or poor influent baffling

  18. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes Uneven effluent weirs Plant growth or thrash in effluent weirs

  19. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes Temperature stratification between influent & clarifier water temperatures.

  20. Clarifier Short Circuiting Monitoring for Short Circuiting Visual Observation Flow Over Weir Solids Over Weir

  21. Clarifier Short Circuiting Monitoring for Short Circuiting Dye Testing

  22. Clarifier Short Circuiting Density Currents Higher Flow (Horizontal Velocity) in One Part of Tank

  23. Clarifier Short Circuiting Causes • Missing or poor influent baffling • Uneven effluent weirs • Plant growth or thrash in effluent weirs • Temperature stratification between influent & clarifier water temperatures.

  24. Clarifiers Efficiency of Solids Removal Related To: 1. Characteristics of the Solids 2. Characteristics of the Water 3. Characteristics of the Clarifier

  25. Clarifiers Types of Clarifiers Inclined Plate (Lamella) Rectangular Circular

  26. Inclined Plate (Lamella)

  27. Types of Clarifiers – Inclined Plate (Lamella) Discharge Flumes Distribution Orifice Feed Box Overflow Box Flocculation Tank Flash Mix Tank Coagulant Feed Clarifier Effluent Clarifier Influent Inclined Plates Sludge Discharge Sludge Hopper

  28. Types of Clarifiers – Inclined Plate (Lamella)

  29. Types of Clarifiers – Inclined Plate (Lamella) Increased settling efficiency due to increased surface area Smaller Area Needed for Installation

  30. Types of Clarifiers – Inclined Plate (Lamella) Increased settling efficiency due to increased surface area Smaller Area Needed for Installation

  31. Types of Clarifiers – Inclined Plate (Lamella) Seldom Used With Organic Wastes Biological Growths Reduce Efficiency Mostly Industrial Applications

  32. Rectangular Clarifiers

  33. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Effluent Weir Drive Unit Inlet Baffle Scum Trough Effluent Launder Flights Inlet Drive Gear Idler Sprockets Drive Chain Sludge Trough Sludge Withdrawal Pipe

  34. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Inlet Baffle Inlet

  35. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Influent baffling

  36. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Settleable Floatable

  37. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Effluent Weir Effluent Launder Effluent

  38. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Settleable Floatable

  39. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Solids Removal Mechanism Rails

  40. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Drive Unit Drive Gear Idler Sprockets Drive Chain

  41. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Flights

  42. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Flights Rails

  43. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Rails Wear Shoes

  44. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Wear Shoes Rails Prevent Wear on the Flights Where They Contact the Rails Transfer Wear to the Shoe Instead of the Flights

  45. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Flights Sludge Sludge Trough Sludge Withdrawal Pipe

  46. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular

  47. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Scum Removal Scum Trough Flights Scum

  48. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Scum Removal

  49. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Scum Removal

  50. Types of Clarifiers – Rectangular Effluent Weir Effluent Launder Effluent

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