The earth`s geothermal heat

1. Comenius Theearth`sgeothermalheat

2. The Earth’s geosphere Theatmosphere– thickness -800 km The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen and oxygen. It protects the earth from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation and prevents the Earth becomingtoo hot or cool. TheEarth’scrustthicknessisdifferent – from 6 km to 70 km. TheMantle-It is about 2,900 kmthick and makes up nearly 80 percent of the Earth's total volume. Theinnermantletemperatureisveryhigh- 2900°C. Thecoreconsistsoftheinnerandoutercore.   Theoutercoreis a liquid. Thetemperature there reach 2200ºC.The inner core is solid and about 1,250 km thick. The temperature in the inner core is about 6000°C.

3. Pollution continue to increase. Therefore people are looking for new ways how to get an ecological clean energy. One of such alternative is the geothermal energy. The geothermal energy is the heat from within the earth. We can use the steam and hot water produced inside the earth to heat buildings or generate electricity. Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source .

4. Theclassificationofgeothermalsystems Thereare 4 kindsofgeothemalsystems. Threeofthemareclosedsystems (horizontal , verticalandwatercontainer ). The fourth system is based on the open-tube contours. . Each system type has its own advantages and disadvantages. Appropriate configuration of choice is largely determined by climate, soil conditions, availability of free space and equipment costs. All four systems can be used in buildings.

5. There is an objective limiting factor for installing a manifold in the land area. If a household plot is no more than a few tens of square kilometers, the installation of the heat pump is problematic. The required area for the heat pump installing is about 300 m and more. Moreover, the heat pump collectors are placed in fairly great depth - on average it ranges from 1.5 - 1.7 meters. Earth's surface heat utilization

6. In case that it is not possible to use a large land area the heat collector can be placed in the borehole. The artesiandrilling is carried out around 70-100m in depth - such as creating an artesian well but the drillhole has to be hermetically covered. TheutilizationoftheEarth`sdeepheat

7. The problem of the lack of the land area can be solved by installing the geothermalheat pumps.The subsoil water (groundwater ) is used as a heat source. For installing the geothermal pump there are two boreholes necessary. One borehole for getting water and the other for returning water. Geothermal water utilization

8. TherearenotanyundergroundwatersourcesinLatvia. Butas a result of geological investigationsthegeothermalwaterlayersarefoundinWestpartofLatvia. Thegeothermal waters are located in 1 km depth and the temperature reaches 60 degrees. Forthatreasonthe use of thegeothermal water is quite expensive 30 C° 60 C°

9. Often, at the great rivers - such as the River Daugava and Gauja, people are interested in the possibilities of the installation heat pump manifolds in the nearest rivers. There is a danger that during the floodwaters time the manifold may be partially or completely destroyed. The manifold restoration is very expensive . The water heat

10. Energy consumption and costs of the house with a heated area of 200m2

11. Theheat pumpmanifold is installed in the ground here

12. Advantages and disadvantages • The environment is not polluted • Noneunpredictablefuelpricerises • There is no fuel-buying, preparing or handling processThereis no flue • There are no emergency threats, not the burning process. • There is no badsmell and sediment. • There is no need to a stoker. • Expensive equipment and installation • Requires periodic inspection and maintenance • Need for electricity • At -20 ° C the heat pump operation is ineffective Advantages Disadvantages

13. Companies, which offers theheat pumps equipments and the installation of Latvia

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