Writing Strategies and Ethical Consideration

1. Chapter Four Writing Strategies and Ethical Consideration

2. Writing the Proposal • What does the intended reader/audience need to understand better about the topic? • What does the audience know little about the topic? • What is the purpose of the study? • What /Who is being studied? • What is the setting/environment where the study is occurring? • What method is to be used?

3. Writing the Proposal (Cont.) • How will data be collected and analyzed? • How will the results be validated? • What ethical issues arise from the study? • What does the preliminary results about the practicality and value of the study to be conducted?

4. Format of Qualitative Constructivist / Interpretivist Research • Introduction • Procedures • State the assumptions in qualitative research • Provide the qualitative research strategy • Outline the role of the researcher • Detail the data collection procedures • Explain the strategies for validating the findings • Present the proposed narrative structure of the study

5. Format of Qualitative Constructivist / Interpretivist Research (cont.) • Anticipated Ethical Issues •  Preliminary Findings • Expected Outcomes • Appendixes

6. Format of Advocacy / Participatory Research • Introduction • Procedures • State the assumptions in qualitative research • Provide the qualitative research strategy • Outline the role of the researcher • Detail the data collection & recording procedures • Describe the data analysis procedure and explain the strategies for validating the findings • Present the proposed narrative structure of the study

7. Format of Advocacy / Participatory Research (cont.) • Anticipated Ethical Issues • Significance of the Study • Preliminary Findings (if available) • Expected Advocacy / Participatory Changes • Appendixes

8. Qualitative Proposals Introduction • State the problem • Include existing literature about problem • Explain the significance of the study • State the purpose of the study • Present the research question

9. Qualitative Proposals Appendixes • Interview Questions • Observations • Observation Documents

10. Quantitative Proposals Introduction • State the problem • Include issue and/or significance of issue • State the purpose of the study • Define the theoretical perspective • Present the research question or hypothesis • Review the literature

11. Format of Quantitative Research (cont.) • Provide the Methods Used • State the Significance of the Study • Present the Preliminary Findings (if available) • Describe Anticipated Ethical Issues • Outline the Preliminary Study or Pilot • Appendixes

12. QuantitativeResearch Method • Method of Research • Research Design • Population, Sample and Participants • Data Collection – Variables, Instruments & Materials • Analysis Procedures

13. Ethical Issues To Anticipate • Ethical Issues in the Research Problem • Ethical issues in the Purpose Statement and Research Questions • Include in purpose statement purpose of study as explained to participants

14. Ethical Issues in Data Collection • Do not put Participants at Risk • Respect Vulnerable Populations • Develop an Informed Consent Form • Have participants sign before the study begins. • Do not coerce participants to participate • Respect confidentiality of participants identity & privacy

15. Ethical Issues in Data Collection (cont.) • Gain authorized access to research site • Leave research site undisturbed • In experimental studies, researchers must collect data so all participants benefit from treatment. • Not just the experimental group. • In qualitative studies, researchers should consider how interview will improve /impact the participants

16. Ethical Issues in Data Analysis and Interpretation • Study must protect the anonymity of individuals, rolls and incidents within the study. • Data must be safely stored • Clearly define ownership of data –researchers, participants or faculty advisors • Provide an accurate account of the information collected