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Mitochondrial vs. Nuclear DNA

Mitochondrial vs. Nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA. Another type of DNA used for individual characterization is mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA ( mDNA ) is located outside the cell’s nucleus and is inherited from the mother.

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Mitochondrial vs. Nuclear DNA

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  1. Mitochondrial vs. Nuclear DNA

  2. Mitochondrial DNA • Another type of DNA used for individual characterization is mitochondrial DNA. • Mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) is located outside the cell’s nucleus and is inherited from the mother. • Mitochondria are structures found in all our cells used to provide energy that our bodies need to function.

  3. Types of DNA Nuclear Mitochondrial Found in the nucleus Constitutes 23 pairs of chromosomes inherited from both parents Each cell contains only one nucleus Found in the cytoplasm Is inherited only from mother Each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria Can be found in skeletal remains Nuclear DNA is present in the head of the sperm. Mitochondrial DNA is present in the tail. At conception, the head of the sperm enters the egg and unites with the nucleus. The tail falls off, losing the father’s mitochondrial DNA.

  4. Mitochondrial DNA • A single mitochondria contains several loops of DNA.

  5. Mitochondrial DNA Testing • Mitochondrial DNA typing does not approach STR analysis in its discrimination power and thus is best reserved for samples, such as hair, for which STR analysis may not be possible. • Forensic analysis of mDNA is more rigorous, time consuming, and costly when compared to nuclear DNA analysis.

  6. Mitochondrial DNA Testing • Also, all individuals of the same maternal lineage will be indistinguishable by mDNA analysis. • Two regions of mDNA have been found to be highly variable and a procedure known as sequencing is used to determine the order of base pairs.

  7. FBI’s CODIS DNA Database Combined DNA Index System Used for linking serial crimes and unsolved cases with repeat offenders Launched October 1998 Links all 50 states Requires >4 RFLP markers and/or 13 core STR markers

  8. CODIS • Perhaps the most significant tool to arise from DNA typing is the ability to compare DNA types recovered from crime scene evidence to those of convicted sex offenders and other convicted criminals. • CODIS (Combined DNA Index System) is a computer software program developed by the FBI that maintains local, state, and national databases of DNA profiles from convicted offenders, unsolved crime scene evidence, and profiles of missing persons.

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