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Designing Observations and Questionnaires

Designing Observations and Questionnaires. Designing Observations – Key Issues. Observation V Observational Techniques Making Reliable Observations Sampling Issues – Time V Event Sampling Structured V Unstructured Overt V Covert. Observation V Observational Techniques P26-7.

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Designing Observations and Questionnaires

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  1. Designing Observations and Questionnaires

  2. Designing Observations – Key Issues • Observation V Observational Techniques • Making Reliable Observations • Sampling Issues – Time V Event Sampling • Structured V Unstructured • Overt V Covert

  3. Observation V Observational TechniquesP26-7 • How do we use observation in experiments? • What is a NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION? – Give an example. • What is a CONTROLLED OBSERVATION? – Give an example.

  4. Making Reliable Observations • What is a behavioural category? • Identify 3 important things about behavioural categories. • What is the difference between a behavioural checklist and a coding system?

  5. Sampling Issues – Time V Event Sampling • Continuous observation is generally impossible because it generates too much data, so we use: • EVENT SAMPLING (which means….?) • OR • TIME SAMPLING (which means…..?) • Note a strength and weakness of each

  6. Structured V Unstructured • Structured observation uses: • Behavioural categories and sampling procedures to structure the observation (even if individuals observed are uncontrolled – this is an important point why?) • Unstructured observation : observer notes all relevant behaviour but has no system due to unpredictable subject • Note strength and weakness of each

  7. Overt V Covert • Make a note of the difference • What are the issues?

  8. Designing Questionnaires – Key Issues • Writing Good Questions • Writing Good Questionnaires and Interviews

  9. What’s a good Question? • Clear and Unambiguous • Avoid SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS • Unbiased eg Not a LEADING QUESTION • Closed Questions – what are they? Give a strength and a weakness. • Open Questions – what are they? Give a strength and a weakness.

  10. What’s a Good Questionnaire/Interview? • Start with unthreatening questions – why? • What are Filler questions? • Why is sampling so important? • Why do a pilot study? • The answers to all questions should be found on pages 24-7 of your text book.

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