M. F. Chiang , Z. Ghassemlooy, Wai Pang Ng, and H. Le Minh Optical Communication Research Group

1. All-optical Packet Switched Router With Multiple Pulse Position Routing Tables M. F. Chiang, Z. Ghassemlooy, Wai Pang Ng, and H. Le Minh Optical Communication Research Group Northumbria University, United Kingdom http://soe.unn.ac.uk/ncrlab/

2. Contents • Introduction • PPM Routing Table (PPRT) & Multiple PPRTs • Address Correlation with Multiple PPRTs • Proposed Node Architecture • Simulation Results • Conclusions

3. Introduction • There is a growing demand for all optical switches and router at very high speed, to avoid the bottleneck imposed by the electronic switches. • The development of ultra high-speed all-optical switches & logic gates (such as AND, OR and XOR) with operating data rates above 40 Gbit/s have become the key enabling technology for realising all-optical routers.

4. Clock Payload Address Proposed core optical router Source / target node Introduction –Optical networks Optical Packet

5. Introduction- Research Aim • Packet processing in a large dimension network (routing table with hundreds or thousands of entries) results in throughput latency. Therefore by converting packet header and the routing table from a binary RZ into a pulse position modulation (PPM) format. The size of the PPM routing table is significantly reduced. • Furthermore, by employing multiple PPRTs,only a subset of the header address are converted into a PPM format, thus resulting in a reduced length of PPRT entries thus resulting in a faster packet processing.

6. PPM Conversion

7. Routing Table Conventional RT Single PPRT Multiple PPRTs

8. Address Correlation with Multiple PPRTs 11100 =28d

9. Multiple PPRTs a4a3a2 a1a0 (N=5) Check MSBs a4a3 (X=2) a4a3 =10 a4a3 =01 a4a3 =00 a4a3 =11 a2a1a0 EA(24 – 31) EB(16 – 23) EC(8 – 15) ED(0 – 7) E1A E2A E3A E1B E2B E3B E1C E2C E3C E1D E2D E3D E1 E2 E3

10. Node architecture a4 a3a2 a1 a0 1 1 x x x PL PL PL PL A A A A Clk Clk Clk Clk PPMA … Matched pulse Clk a3 a3 a4 a2a1a0 All-optical Switch Port 1 OSW1 Port 2 OSW2 … … Port M OSWM Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion CP 1 CP 2 Multiple PPRT CP M OSWC … &1 Entry 1 Clock Extraction Entry 2 OSWC &2 Synchronisation … … … Entry M OSWC &M Group A SW3 Group B Unicast transmission SW4 Multiple PPRT Generator Group C SW3 Group D

11. Node architecture a4 a3a2 a1 a0 1 0 x x x PL PL PL PL PL A A A A A Clk Clk Clk Clk Clk PPMA Matched pulse Matched pulse Clk a3 a4 a3 … a2a1a0 All-optical Switch Port 1 OSW1 Port 2 OSW2 … … Port M OSWM Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion CP 1 CP 2 Multiple PPRT CP M OSWC … &1 Entry 1 Clock Extraction Entry 2 OSWC &2 Synchronisation … … … Entry M OSWC &M Group A SW3 Group B Multicast transmission SW4 Multiple PPRT Generator Group C SW3 Group D

12. Node architecture a4 a3a2 a1 a0 0 1 x x x PL PL PL PL PL PL A A A A A A Clk Clk Clk Clk Clk Clk PPMA Matched pulse Matched pulse Matched pulse Clk … a3 a4 a3 a2a1a0 All-optical Switch Port 1 OSW1 Port 2 OSW2 … … Port M OSWM Header Extraction PPM Add. Conversion CP 1 CP 2 Multiple PPRT CP M OSWC … &1 Entry 1 Clock Extraction Entry 2 OSWC &2 Synchronisation … … … Entry M OSWC &M Group A SW3 Group B Broadcast transmission SW4 Multiple PPRT Generator Group C SW3 Group D

13. Simulation Results-Simulation Parameters Simulation Tool: Virtual Photonic Inc. (VPI)

14. Simulation Results-Time Waveforms (a) input packet (b) extracted clock signals (c) matched signals at AND1 (d) switched packets at router’s output 1

15. Simulation Results-Time Waveforms (e) matched signals at AND2 (f) switched packets at router’s output 2 (g) matched signals at AND3 (h) switched packets at router’s output 3

16. Conclusions • In this paper, the principle of the new multiple PPRTs and the node architecture were proposed. • It was shown that by using multiple PPRTs, the number and the length of entries are significantly further reduced compared with existing RTs and PPRTs, respectively. • The proposed router offers a faster processing timeespecially for packets with long address bits.and is capable of operating in the unicast, multicast and broadcast transmission modes.

17. Acknowledgements Special Thanks for Prof. Fary Ghassemlooy Dr. Wai Pang Ng Mr. Hoa Le Minh All colleagues in NCRL & Your Attention

18. Thank You ! Question, please ?