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Overview of Governance Structures in US College Sport

Overview of Governance Structures in US College Sport. Chapter 08 Summer 2008-Online SLS 4155 Dr. Richard M. Southall The University of Memphis. Overview of College Sport. Paradoxical appeal since exciting in nature but wrought with problems

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Overview of Governance Structures in US College Sport

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  1. Overview of Governance Structures in US College Sport Chapter 08 Summer 2008-Online SLS 4155 Dr. Richard M. Southall The University of Memphis

  2. Overview of College Sport • Paradoxical appeal since exciting in nature but wrought with problems • Despite many schools dropping programs, consumer attraction continues to grow • More than a thousand colleges and universities offer intercollegiate sport • A huge component of the sport industry of North America

  3. History of Intercollegiate Athletics • Started as recreational activity organized by students • By mid-1890s, college administrators and faculty moved to take over control • 1906: Organization of Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS) and Canadian Interuniversity Athletic Union Central (CIAU-Central)

  4. History of the NCAA • 1910: IAAUS renamed National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) • 1921: First NCAA Championship held in track and field • 1951: Walter Byers hired as first Executive Director • 1973: Divisions created according to institutional size • Today: 38 national championships in 22 sports

  5. U. S. History of Intercollegiate Women’s Sport • Little female participation during early years • 1971: Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) established • 1980: First NCAA programs for women • 1981-82: NCAA passed new governance plan adding many new women’s championships • 1982: AIAW-NCAA merger (some would say “hostile takeover”) led to dissolution of AIAW

  6. NCAA Mission • Provide programming and deliver national championships • Goals are to promote college athletics, protect athlete interests, prepare athlete for life, and provide funding (NCAA, 2002) • http://www.ncaa.org

  7. NCAA Financials • Nonprofit but multimillion dollar enterprise • Revenues generated by television rights, championships, royalties, investments, sales, and contributions • Expenses include special events, revenue sharing, programs, management, and NCAA Foundation (NCAA, 2002) • Assets in excess of $128 million

  8. NCAA Membership • More than 1260 institutions, conferences, organizations, and individuals (NCAA, 2002) • Member institutions belong to Division I, II, or III • Over 1000 institutional members divided fairly evenly among each division

  9. Differences Between D-I, D-II, & D-III • See UMDrive for articles • Differences… • Historical Outline

  10. NCAA Governance Structure

  11. Strategic Plan • UMDrive • See: StrategicPlan5

  12. NCAA Division I Governance Structure

  13. Issues in College Sport • Commercial v. Educational “Institutional Logics” • Is college sport a business or is it educational in nature? • Fulfilling mission statement • Implications: • Tax-exempt status • Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT) • Other issues • Anti-trust - See: White v. NCAA • Workers’ Compensation • See: • NCAA class action complaint • Class action certification • See UMDrive: • Method to March Madness…

  14. NAIA • Mission: • Promote education and development through intercollegiate athletics participation • Athletics as an integral part of education • Financials: • Not-for-profit funded through membership fees, sponsorship, merchandise sales, and national championships

  15. NAIA (cont.) • Membership: Over 300 members from mostly small U.S. and Canadian institutions in active and associate categories • Organizational structure: • Council of Presidents • Council of Athletics Administrators • Council of Faculty Athletics Representatives • Council of Affiliated Conferences and Independents

  16. Individual College Athletic Departments • Involvement by • University President • Athletic Board • Faculty Athletics Representative (FAR) • Athletic Director (AD) • Coaches

  17. Current Policy Area: Eligibility • Key issues: • Initial eligibility • Academic progress • Transfer students

  18. Current Policy Area: Amateurism • Key issues: • The line between amateur and professional sport • Rules to prohibit professionals from competition

  19. Current Policy Area: Substance Abuse and Performance Enhancement • Key issues: • Unequivocal opposition to doping in policy statements throughout North America • Student athlete consent forms as a component of eligibility • Education and enforcement • Random testing

  20. Current Policy Area: Financial Aid • Key issues: • Restrictions on the value of awards • Overpaying or withdrawing scholarships • Student athletes and part-time jobs

  21. Current Policy Area: Gender Equity • Key Issues: • Title IX compliance on individual campuses • Enforcing principles of equity and equality • Inequities played out in many ways

  22. Current Policy Area: Gambling • Key issues: • Concerns re internet wagering • Zero-tolerance policy and its rationale • Enforcement of rules resulting from policy

  23. Current Policy Area: Enforcement • Key issues: • Reduce violations through education, discovery, and disbursement of penalties • NCAA formal inquiry process • Self-reporting as means of policing infractions (NAIA, CIS, and CCAA)

  24. Current Policy Area: Funding • Key issues: • Myths surrounding funding issues in intercollegiate athletics • Connection to problems of national economies in U.S. and Canada • Policies formulated by NCAA and CIS to curb spending

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