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FRENCH REVOLUTION

FRENCH REVOLUTION. It was the best of times. THREE ESTATES. First Estate : clergy higher clergy (wealthy families, luxury) lower clergy (middle/lower classes). 3 ESTATES. Second Estate : nobility highest offices in gvt . & army very well off, but often jealous of King.

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FRENCH REVOLUTION

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  1. FRENCH REVOLUTION

  2. It was the best of times

  3. THREE ESTATES • First Estate: clergy • higher clergy (wealthy families, luxury) • lower clergy (middle/lower classes)

  4. 3 ESTATES • Second Estate: nobility • highest offices in gvt. & army • very well off, but often jealous of King

  5. It was the worst of times

  6. 3 ESTATES • Third Estate: peasants, workers, mid. class • Carried tax burden; hardest working • middle class: bourgeoisie (next slide)

  7. BOURGEOISIE • Middle class of Third Estate • merchants, bankers, doctors, lawyers • Money & Educations, but w/o noble bloodlines

  8. BOURGEOISIE • Philosophes greatly influenced them • Challenged nobility & clergy as natural leaders (Enlightenment) • Sick of paying all of the taxes • Pushed Revolution forward

  9. FRANCE NEEDS $$$$ • Louis XVI calls meeting Estates-General • Delegates Third Estate insist on equal vote in Estates-General • Louis XVI refuses & closes doors

  10. FRANCE NEEDS $$$$ • Third Estate: meets on palace tennis court insisted France adopt Constitution • called themselves National Assembly • Tennis Court Oath

  11. FRANCE NEEDS $$$$ • Louis XVI ordered other 2 Estates join • also calls in 18,000 troops to Paris

  12. LOUIS XVI

  13. MARIE ANTOINETTE

  14. STORM THE BASTILLE1789 • Parisians • food shortages, unemployment, high prices • worried about 18,000 soldiers • worried about National Assembly

  15. STORM THE BASTILLE1789 • Charged the prison • over 100 Parisians killed • warden & mayor killed (heads paraded) • July 14, 1789 Bastille Day • most important holiday in France

  16. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • Major Reforms • feudalism abolished • Catholic Church: no longer collect taxes • all positions in Church, Army, & Govt open to all citizens regardless of birth

  17. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY • Declaration of Rights of Man • Constitution of 1791 • adult males granted suffrage (vote)

  18. DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN

  19. “LIBERTY, EQUALITY, FRATERNITY” Slogan of French Revolution

  20. REVOLUTION THE NEXT STAGE

  21. ASSEMBLY DIVIDED • JACOBINS (THE MOUNTAIN) • RADICAL REVOLUTIONARIES • ROBESPIERRE & DANTON • FIRED UP SANS-CULOTTES • GIRONDISTS • REPS FROM OUTSIDE OF PARIS

  22. WOMEN MARCH • Women march to Versailles • Demand bread • Men soon follow • Louis, Antoinette, & family forced to Paris

  23. EUROPE AFRAID • Louis XVI & family attempt to flee • Divisions grow between Bourgeoisie • France declares war on Austria • Austria warns citizens not to harm royals • King & Marie Antoinette killed

  24. EUROPE AFRAID • nearly all of Europe joins in War effort • Jacobins take over war effort • Conscription: People’s Army formed • 1 million strong

  25. “I forgive my enemies; I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the Lord.”

  26. LEADERS • Brissot=Girondin leader Assembly • Danton=Jacobin leader of club • Robespierre=Jacobin lawyer • Marat=Jacobin writer

  27. Who is this man???

  28. GUILLOTINE Guillotine

  29. REIGN OF TERROR • Robespierre: leader of Jacobins • creates program to silence critics • Committee of Public Safety • 1793-1794: 29,000 killed by the big G…

  30. REIGN OF TERROR • many thrown in jail w/o trial; many die • guillotine = symbol of Revolution • Robespierre arrested & chopped • moderates (Girondists) take over once again

  31. RESULTS OF REVOLUTION • INCREDIBLE people’s movement • Promoted individual rights & liberties • Abolished feudalism & slavery • Introduced new style of warfare

  32. RESULTS OF REVOLUTION • Citizen’s army (conscription = the draft) • TOTAL WAR: whole nation unites in war • men & women all ages, everyone has role • Spirit of nationalism (pride)

  33. NAPOLEON

  34. Coup d’etat • Economic & social problems continue • Led campaigns in Austria & Egypt • soldiers found Rosetta Stone (hieroglyphics) • Coup Successful: placed a popular general in charge (Napoleon) • Napoleon attempted to replace Directory • Unsuccessful: so he drove it out w/ force

  35. I wonder if I can take this horse off some sweet jumps? NAPOLEON

  36. DOMESTIC POLICY • Napoleon needs approval of bourgeoisie • his policies reflected this • Promoted trade, created new jobs, lowered prices on food, stablized money

  37. DOMESTIC POLICY • Recognized land taken during Revolution • peasants & workers keep stolen land • Allowed 2nd Estate comeback w/o punishment (emigres)

  38. NAPOLEONIC WARS • Napoleon signs treaties with Sp. & Port. • Soon wars break out (balance of power) • Austria, Prussia, & Russia • Napoleon woops ‘em (making France #1)

  39. NAPOLEONIC WARS • Napoleon controls nearly all of Europe • Then Trafalgar: next slide

  40. ARC DE TRIOMPHE

  41. TRAFALGAR • Britain blockaded French ports • Britain seized French ships • Napoleon attacks & loses ½ his ships

  42. TRAFALGAR • British lose 0 • British: Horatio Nelson • Napoleon gives up on plans to invade Britain. Tries something else

  43. CONTINENTAL SYSTEM • Napoleon sets up Continental System • Defeat England= no English imports into Europe • didn’t work

  44. CONTINENTAL SYSTEM • People smuggled & traded w/ colonies • Portugal doesn’t use Continental System • Napoleon conquers Portugal & Spain; puts brother in charge

  45. NAPOLEONIC CODE • Based on Declaration of Rights of Man • NO feudalism & class privilege • Freedom of all religions • Protect property rights

  46. NAPOLEONIC CODE • Individual liberties & natural rights • Each state given constitution & Parliament • Free public education for all • Napoleon spreads Enlightenment ideals all over Europe

  47. LOUISIANA PURCHASE1803

  48. RUSSIAN INVASION • Russia traded w/ Britain • violated Continental System • Napoleon organizes Grand Army • 614,000 soldiers • Russians slowly retreated; burned everything

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