Standards and Interoperability Alan Hopkinson Middlesex University

1. Standards and Interoperability Alan Hopkinson Middlesex University

2. Standards relating to the RFID tag • Standards which govern the circulation protocols 3M’s SIP2 and NCIP (NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol (NCIP-Z39.83).

3. Benefits of standardisation • Interoperability • Avoid Reinventing the wheel -- Good ‘model’ data model -- More data there is on the tag the longer it takes to write to the tag, and the longer it takes to read the tag

4. Middlesex University applications (1) Circulation at the counterSelf service circulationStock checking with the wandSearching for lost or reserved books (wand) Use only the identifier

5. Middlesex University applications (2) • Security gate alarm uses the security bit • Circulation sets or resets security bit

6. RFID for Libraries Brevity on the tag may be important

7. Interoperability Different requirements in different contexts

8. Interoperability for UK • Different library management systems process different RFID • Read 12345X not ABCDE& (for example) • Radio Frequency: 13.86 megahertz • Hold enough data

9. Interoperability in Denmark Used for interlibrary loan Compatibility between borrowing and lending libraries’ systems

10. Interoperability for all systems • Ability to replace LMS • Ability to replace RFID hardware BUT keep the same tags

11. ‘Media’ use Check that a set of items is complete Book with accompanying CD Boxed kit Standard methodology of achieving this required

12. Other interoperability issues • Prevent tags from setting off alarms in wrong environments • Supply chain tagging • Book supplier’s warehouse • Common pads and software

13. All these requirements can only be achieved by standards. .

14. International Organization for Standardization Committee ISO/TC 46/SC 4Working Group for RFID in LibrariesMoved by Danish Standards“Danish Model” • Not an international standard

15. RFID standards mean standardizing processesDeveloping a standard for RFID is taking longer than had been originally hoped We would still be in the same position now as four years ago!

16. Book Industry Communication (BIC) • Bind RFID tag into each book • Include ISBN + Copy number

17. Libraries need more than just IDSecurity bit on tag overcomes delays on the network at the security gate Tags bound into the books might interfere with other tags for other requirements BUT proposal was rejected by publishers

18. Danish StandardsDanish Model includes: Data ElementsValuesEncodingPhysical Mapping

19. Extra requirements • AFI (application family identifier) • Air Interface (includes frequency) • Fixed length encoding v. using data field identifiers • ISO standard 15962

20. ISO 28560 will be divided into three parts: General requirements and data elements Encoding based on ISO/IEC 15962 Fixed length encoding

21. Application Family Identifier (AFI) EDItEUR, NISO (US) and Danish Standards applied to the appropriate ISO Committee AFI value C2 (hexadecimal) “Item is a library item”In security systems it means out for loanAFI value ”07” In library’s security system not to be taken out

22. Privacy and Security To have NO standard is safest!

23. Using standard: • Read the tag • Identify the library • See the name of the borrower ??? • Personal data should never be placed on a tag

24. Security • Inability to change the data on the tag (for vandalism or to steal the book) • Encryption to prohibit decoding • Locking so that the data cannot be changed

25. Privacy and Security An RFID for Libraries standard needs to address the issues and refer to other standards as necessary

26. RFID in libraries needs standards Pioneers in an emerging technology!

27. Thank you for your attention!