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Postpartum IUDs and Sterilization: Program Considerations

Postpartum IUDs and Sterilization: Program Considerations. Roy Jacobstein, M.D., M.P.H. John M Pile, M.P.H. EngenderHealth Strengthening FP Services through OR: Lessons Learned and Future Directions April 24, 2008. Setting the Stage Postpartum IUDs and Sterilization. Need

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Postpartum IUDs and Sterilization: Program Considerations

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  1. Postpartum IUDs and Sterilization: Program Considerations Roy Jacobstein, M.D., M.P.H. John M Pile, M.P.H. EngenderHealth Strengthening FP Services through OR: Lessons Learned and Future DirectionsApril 24, 2008

  2. Setting the StagePostpartum IUDs and Sterilization • Need • 90% women first year postpartum want to delay another pregnancy at least two years or avoid future pregnancies altogether [Ross & Winfrey 2001] • Opportunity • 81% women delivering received antenatal care • 54% deliveries occur in health facility [36 countries with DHS in past 5 years, StatCompiler Macro. 2008] • Good choice for women and programs

  3. Initiating LAPMs in the Extended Postpartum Period (Delivery—1 Year) Delivery 48 hr 1 week 4 weeks 6 weeks 6 months 9 months 12 months IUD (Copper-releasing) IUD (Progestin-releasing) All Women Non-breast-feeding Women Breast-feeding Women FEMALE STERILIZATION (Minilaparotomy) FEMALE STERILIZATION (Laparoscopy) VASECTOMY (No-scalpel or conventional) IMPLANTS IMPLANTS

  4. Sine Qua Non of PP IUD & Sterilization Services: The Fundamentals of Care (FoC) • Fundamentals of Care • Free and informed choice • Medical safety • Ongoing quality improvement • FOC may be “fundamental”— but they’re not “easy”

  5. Advantages: Why Consider IUDs & Sterilization Postpartum? • Cost effective to programs • Immediate postplacental IUD $2.14-$3.37 • Before discharge $2.79-$3.97 • Interval $3.75-$4.70 [Hubacher et al 1992; Sahin et al. 1994] • Convenient to clients • Client not at risk of pregnancy • Less (perceived) side effects

  6. Issues & Challenges to PP IUD and Sterilization: Training & Services • Need adequate caseloads to develop competence • Need to ensure readiness of delivery/labor wards • Experienced trainers • Knowledgeable staff • Specialized supplies • Appropriate infection prevention practices in place • Need to optimize structure of work • reward not “punish” providers of IUDs and FS • structural/system integration (e.g., with antenatal services; MCH/well-baby services; “in-reach”)

  7. Method-Specific Training & Service Issues & Challenges Sterilization • Permanent • Need to ensure practices that prevent coercion or any violation of free and informed choice • Need to minimize regret IUD • Need realistic model of PP uterus (for humanistic training) • Need PPIUD training video • Want to minimize risk of expulsion

  8. Issues & Challenges to Postpartum IUD: Expulsion • Higher PP than interval • Lower post-placental than immediate • PP IUD Still highly effective & beneficial, for all timing categories; MEC / SPR Revision Meeting, 4-08, WHO Systematic Review of Timing of Postpartum IUDs: “immediate postplacental insertion (< 10 min) appears to decrease the risk for expulsion compared to other postpartum time intervals, although immediate insertion carries a higher risk of expulsion compared to interval insertions” • Expulsion rates can be reduced(by placement high in uterine fundus, by trained/skilled provider, post-placental provision)

  9. PP IUD Training Manual/Curriculum Being Updated • Reflects WHO 2004 MEC recommendations and 2008 MEC & SPR • Incorporates proven best practices; key clinical & programmatic issues, e.g. • Active Mgt Third Stage of Labor (AMTSL) • Non-physicians • Stand alone curriculum • Expanded discussion on • Counseling • Infection prevention

  10. Key Messages About PP IUD & Sterilization • WHO MEC Category 1 for PPIUD, Category A for FS • I.e., one or other can be used by most women in almost all categories (e.g., lower parity/higher parity; younger/older; HIV- or HIV or AIDS, clinically well) • PP IUD & FS are safe, highly effective, convenient, programmatically feasible and worthwhile • Feasible for PPIUD to be provided by mid-level (as well as higher level) health care providers, and FS by Clinical Officers • Feasible to provide PP IUD at PHC facilities

  11. Key Messages About PP IUD & Sterilization • Women avail themselves of PP IUD & sterilization when services made available • Chicago study—46% of women who requested postpartum sterilization do not undergo the procedure [ARDMS 2008] • Ankara study—89% women planned to start FP within 6 months, however only 52% using at 6 months [Pile et al, 1993] • Factors limiting access • Delays in operating room time • Staff not available • Commodity not available

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