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Microprocessor and Interfacing 261214

Microprocessor and Interfacing 261214. Introduction to Microprocessors. http://mango.e-cpe.org. Microprocessor?. Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com. Micro-controller?. PIC. 8051, AVR. PSoC. MSP430. Where do they live?. Where do they live?. System Components. CPU. RAM. I/O.

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Microprocessor and Interfacing 261214

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  1. Microprocessor and Interfacing261214 Introduction to Microprocessors http://mango.e-cpe.org

  2. Microprocessor? Image - PC Perspective. http://pcper.com

  3. Micro-controller? PIC 8051, AVR PSoC MSP430

  4. Where do they live?

  5. Where do they live?

  6. System Components CPU RAM I/O Storage

  7. System Components CPU CPU RAM Storage I/O

  8. Performance 4 MIPSat 20 MHz 76,383 MIPS at 3.2 GHz Ref: http://www.wikipedia.org

  9. Power Consumption 0.15 Watts 130 Watts Ref: Microchip, Intel

  10. Price 25 - 1,000Baht 1,500 - 35,000Baht Ref: Microchip, Sharkyextreme.com

  11. Self contained Limited resources Used for a specific job Low power Low cost Needs Chipsets Large Memory, fast clock rates More general purpose Requires more power More expensive Right tool right job Microcontroller Microprocessor

  12. What does the iPhone use?

  13. I-Phone 3GS Internals

  14. i-Phone4 Circuit

  15. i-Phone 4S Circuit

  16. Apple iPad2

  17. A5 SoC

  18. A4,A5 Processor CPU 1 GHz Memory Controller RAM 256/512 MBytes I/O Controller Flash Memory 64 GBytes Graphics Processing (1024x768) Sensor Ports WiFi, Audio Controller A4 Chip

  19. Microcontroller (i.e. PIC16F887) CPU 20 MHz RAM 368 Bytes Memory Controller I/O Controller Flash Memory 8 KBytes Graphics Processing Sensor Ports

  20. Mixed Design Sometimes called System on a Chip (SoC) MCU MPU

  21. A Brief History x86 Processors

  22. Main Player Santa Clara, California, USA

  23. Rival #1 Sunnyvale, California, USA

  24. Rival #2 Taipei, Taiwan

  25. Intel 4004 (1971) • 4 Bits • 0.74 MHz • 2,300 Transistors

  26. 4004 Application Busicom* 141-PF Calculator

  27. Same computing power as the ENIAC = Intel 4004

  28. Intel 8086/8088

  29. Test Drive I : Runs well on a 8088 machine

  30. 80x86

  31. The Pentium Era

  32. 60MHz 3.8GHz 0.25 um 65 nm

  33. Intel’s mistake 1 • Focus too much on Clock Speed

  34. Clock Speed Analogy เกียร์ต่ำ 20 Pipeline Stages เกียร์สูง 10 Pipeline Stages

  35. How a Pipeline Works

  36. 10 Stages vs 20 Stages

  37. Intel’s mistake 2 • 64 Bit CPU • Not Backward Compatible

  38. AMD’s Successful Athlon Processors • Better Performance per Watts • Backward Compatible 64 Bit System

  39. The return of Intel

  40. Multicore Era

  41. Current CPU Kings AMD FX 8150 8 Cores, 3.6 GHz, 8 MB L2 Cache 32 nm Process, 125Watts US$245 Core™ i7-990X 6 Cores, 3.46 GHz, 12 MB L2 Cache 32 nm Process, 130Watts. US$999

  42. AMD + ATI = FusionCPU + GPU + APU (Accelerated PU) + = CPU GPU APU

  43. Power per Watt: A new measure for CPU performance Intel ATOM 2-6.5W AMD Bobcat (Fusion) 1-10W VIA Nano 5-25W

  44. ATOM Processor’s Silicon

  45. Conclusions • ในยุคต้นมุ่งเน้นการเพิ่มความเร็วเป็นหลัก • ปัจจุบันมุ่งไปที่ performance per watt มากขึ้น • เทคโนโลยีการผลิตที่สูงขึ้นทำให้ Multi-core CPU เป็นที่นิยม • ทิศทางใหม่ๆ ของการพัฒนาแบ่งเป็น • การรวมศูนย์อุปกรณ์ต่างๆ ไว้ใน Processor มากขึ้น • เกิดการแตกสาย Processor เพื่อเจาะกลุ่มเป้าหมายต่างๆ มากขึ้น

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