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Cow

Cow.

lysander-theron
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Cow

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  1. Cow

  2. Cattle are raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals (oxen / bullocks) (pulling carts, plows etc). Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel. It is estimated that there are 1.3 billion cattle in the world today. The gestation period for a cow is nine months. Breeding stock usually live to about 15 years (occasionally as much as 25 years). Cattle are ruminants which means that they have a digestive system that allows use of otherwise indigestible foods by regurgitating and rechewing them as "cud". The cud is then re-swallowed and further digested by specialized microorganisms in the rumen. The cow is the most common type of large domesticated ungulates. They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus Bos, and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos primigenius. Classification http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cow

  3. Skeleton of a Cow • Thoracic vertebrae • Cervical vertebrae • Cornual Process • Frontal • Zygomatic • Lacrimal • Nasal • Incisive • Maxilla • Mandible • Scapula • Shoulder • Humerus • Elbow • Radius • Carpus • Metacarpus • Phalanges 3 2 1 4 5 6 7 9 11 8 10 12 13 14 19 15 16 17 18 Frandson, R.D; Wilke, W.E. And Fails, A.D. (2009) Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

  4. Cow Skeleton 1 2 • Lumber vertebrae • Thoracic vertebrae • Scapula • Shoulder • Humerus • Elbow • Ulna • Costal cartilages • Radius • Carpus • Metacarpus • Phalanges • 13th Rib • Stifle joint 3 4 5 6 7 9 8 14 13 10 11 Frandson, R.D; Wilke, W.E. And Fails, A.D. (2009) Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 12

  5. Skeleton of a Cow 4 • Caudal vertebrae • Sacral vertebrae • Lumber vertebrae • Thoracic vertebrae • Ilium • Pubis • Femur • Patella • Fibula • Tibia • Metacarpal bones • Metacarpus • Phalanges • Tarsus (hock) • Ischium 3 2 1 15 5 6 7 9 14 8 10 11 12 13 Frandson, R.D; Wilke, W.E. And Fails, A.D. (2009) Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

  6. Skull of a cow • Cornual Process • Frontal bone • Zygomatic arch • Orbit • Lacrimal bone • Zygomatic bone • Nasal bone • Maxilla • Incisive • Incisors • Mental foramen • Infraorbital foramen • Mandible • External acoustic meatus • Paracondylar process • Atlas • Temporal bone 1 17 2 16 4 3 5 6 7 8 9 14 15 10 13 11 Frandson, R.D; Wilke, W.E. And Fails, A.D. (2009) Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, USA. 12

  7. Skeleton of a cow • Ilium • Ischium • Tuber Ischi • Femur • Tibia • Tuber Calcaneus • Metatarsus • Phalanges • Caudal (18-20) 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 http://www.osovo.com/diagram/cowsanatomydiagram.htm

  8. Skeleton of a cow 2 • Cornual Process • Frontal • Supraorbital Foramen • Zygomatic • Lacrimal • Nasal • Maxilla • Scapula • Shoulder • Humerus • Elbow • Radius • Carpus • Metacarpus • Phalanges • Incisive • Facial Tuber 3 1 4 5 17 6 1 7 16 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Frandson, R.D; Wilke, W.E. And Fails, A.D. (2009) Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 7th Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, USA.

  9. 6. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 7. 1. 17. 8. 16. 9. 10. 15. 14. 13. 11. 12. 1. Bony orbit 2. Orbit 3. Frontal bone 4. Lacrimal bone 5. Zygomatic bone 6. Nasal bone 7. Maxilla 8. Infraorbital foramen 9. Mental foramen 10. Body of mandible 11. Facial tuberosity 12. Fossa for lacrimal sac 13. Ramus of mandible 14. Articular process of mandible 15. Temporal meatus 16.Paracondylar process of occipital bone 17. Coronoid process of mandible

  10. 1. 1. Nuchal crest 2. External auditory meatus 3. Jugular process 4. Foramen magnum 5. Occipital condyle 2. 3. 5. 4.

  11. 3. 4. 1. 2. 5. 8. • Supraorbital groove • Orbit • Frontal bone • Nasal bone • Incisive bone • Maxilla • Lacrimal • Intercornual protuberance 6. 7.

  12. 11. 10. 1. 2. 3. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 1. Perpendicular plate of the palatine bone 2. Horizontal plate of the palatine bone 3. Palatine process 4. Presphenoid bone 5. Zygomatic bone 6. External auditory meatus 7. Basilar occipital bone 8. Occipital condyle 9. Jugular and paracondylar process 10. Tympanic bulla 11. Muscular process

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