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Chapter 4. Becoming A World Power (1872–1917). Lesson 1: The Imperialist Vision. Lesson 2: The Spanish-American War. Lesson 3: New American Diplomacy. QW #4 - Imperialism. Define the term imperialism in your own words. Is right or wrong of countries to colonize other countries?.
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Chapter 4 Becoming A World Power (1872–1917)
Lesson 1: The Imperialist Vision Lesson 2: The Spanish-American War Lesson 3: New American Diplomacy
QW #4 - Imperialism Define the term imperialism in your own words. Is right or wrong of countries to colonize other countries?
The Growth of Imperialism in Europe • Imperialism is stronger nations creating empires by dominating weaker nations. • By the late 1800s Europe had much of Africa and Asia under foreign domination. • Factors for the growth of Imperialism in Europe: • Economic factors: The growth of industry increased the need for natural resources. • Nationalistic factors: Competition among nations for large empires was the result of a rise in nationalism—or devotion to one’s own nation. • Military factors: Europe had better armies than Africa and Asia, and it needed bases around the world to refuel and supply navy ships. • Humanitarian factors: Europeans believed that they had a duty to spread the blessings of western civilizations to other countries. • By 1890, the United States was eager to join the competition for new territory.
Debating Imperialism in America Anti-Imperialists • A moral and political argument: • Expansionism was a rejection of our nation’s founding principle of “liberty for all.” • An economic argument: • Expansion involved too many costs. Pro-Imperialists • Imperialism offered a new kind of frontier for American expansion. • Access to foreign markets made the economy stronger.
Expanding U.S. Interests Around the World • The Monroe Doctrine • The U.S. declared itself neutral in European Wars • The U.S. warned Europe to stay out of the Western Hemisphere • TR Roosevelt Corollary interpreted it to mean the U.S. took a more active role to protect the interests of the U.S. • Seward’s Folly in Alaska • In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7 million. • Midway Islands • Seward bought the uninhabited Midway Islands for use as repairing and refueling stations for navy vessels in the Pacific. • Latin America and Hawaii • The U.S. signed a treaty with Hawaii and took a more active role in protecting Latin America • In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet on a cruise around the world to demonstrate U.S. naval power to other nations.
Alfred T. Mahan • Father of the modern US Navy who called for: • A stronger navy • Naval bases in Cuba, Hawaii and the Philippines • A canal through Central America
Arguments for U.S. Expansion • #1 – Promoting Economic Growth: • The U.S. needed to secure new markets in other countries • The United Fruit Company invested and gained political influence in Central American countries, these countries were known as Banana Republics • #2 – Protecting American Security: • An expanded navy with bases around the world would protect U.S. interests • By 1900, the U.S. had the most powerful navy in the world • #3 – Preserving American Spirit: • Americans believed that introducing Christianity and modern civilization to “less developed” nations around the world was a noble pursuit.
The Imperialist Vision Wrap-Up • Page 94-95 in the Inquiry Journal • Read “Joint Resolution to Provide for Annexing the Hawaiian Islands to the United States (1898) • Answer the questions on your own • Turn in on the front desk when you are done
The Spanish-American War – Steps to War • The United States became involved in the Cuban rebellion against Spain, to protect American business interests. • In competition for readership, two New York newspapers owned by William Randolph Hearst wrote exaggerated stories about the Cuban rebellion. • This “yellow journalism” sold a lot of papers but had other effects as well: • It whipped up American public opinion in favor of the Cuban rebels. • It led to a burst of national pride and the desire for an aggressive foreign policy, which became known as jingoism. • Then the U.S.S. Maine, stationed at Havana Harbor exploded, and the American people blamed Spain. • Congress recognized Cuban independence and authorized force against Spain.
The Spanish-American War – “A Splendid Little War” • May 1st 1898 – The United States Navy launches a surprise attack in Manila Bay • The Navy destroys Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in 7 hours • July 1st 1898 – Teddy Roosevelt (before he is President) leads the Rough Riders up San Juan Hill • July 3rd 1898 – The U.S. Navy sinks the rest of the remaining Spanish Ships
Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill Transparency: Charge of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill
The Spanish-American War – The Treaty of Paris • The Spanish Government recognized Cuba’s independence • Spain gives up: • The Philippines • Guam • Puerto Rico • In return for $20 million • The island nations then become unincorporated territories of the United States.
Chart: Causes of American Deaths in the Spanish-American War
New Challenges After the War • President McKinley installed a military government in Cuba to protect American business interests. • The Platt Amendment allowed for U.S. naval bases on the island and intervention whenever necessary and would remain in place until 1934. • Filipinos were angry that the United States did not grant them independence after the Spanish-American War ended, leading to war. • Philippines goes into insurrection and fights a guerrilla war against the U.S. • 1901 – William Howard Taft becomes Governor General. • President McKinley’s arguments for Philippine annexation: • Filipinos were unfit for self-government. • Independence would bring anarchy. • European powers would try to seize the islands. • The Filipinos fought a three-year war for independence and did not gain complete independence until 1946. • After the Spanish-American War, Puerto Rico remained under direct U.S. rule and Puerto Ricans were given some citizenship rights. • The Foraker Act established civil government in 1900
Quick Write #5 - “TR’s Foreign Policy” • It was Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt who said of U.S. Foreign policy, “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” • What did he mean by this?
Imperialism Viewed From Abroad • In the Caribbean and Central America, the United States often had to defend governments that were unpopular with local inhabitants. • Many countries also began to turn to the United States for help. • China’s huge population and its vast markets became very important to American trade. • President McKinley’s Secretary of State, John Hay, wrote notes to the major European powers trying to persuade them to keep an “open door” to China. • He wanted to ensure through his Open Door Policy that the United States would have equal access to China’s millions of consumers.
Tensions Rise Between America and Japan • TR won a Nobel Peace prize for his efforts helping to end the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) • Many Asians in America were looked at with suspicion and hostility leading to growing conflict with Japan in the early 1900s. • 1906 – San Francisco school board bans Japanese, Chinese and Korean students from attending school with white children • Gentlemen’s Agreement – the school board reversed its policy, and Japan agreed to limit its citizens moving to the U.S.
Roosevelt Pursues Big Stick Diplomacy • Theodore Roosevelt thought it was important to take a strong stand in international affairs, and wanted the United States to act as “police” for all of Latin America.
Taft Pursues Dollar Diplomacy • Taft looked to continue trading with China and Latin America • Taft looked less towards ‘big stick’ diplomacy and more towards substituting dollars for bullets.
Wilson Pursues Moral Diplomacy • When Wilson was elected President, he criticized the imperialist actions of his predecessors. • However, under his term the United States continued to intervene in Mexico and Latin American affairs
Chapter 4 Lesson 3 Wrap-Up • Inquiry Journal pages 108-109 • Read and answer the questions about dollar diplomacy and imperialism • Rip out the pages and turn in by the end of the period
