1 / 16

Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty or Slavery?. Web. Territorial Expansion after 1840. Growth became watchword of America Land acquired through annexation, negotiation, and war “Young America” movement and “Manifest Destiny”

lynton
Download Presentation

Chapter 13

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 13 Manifest Destiny: An Empire for Liberty or Slavery? Web

  2. Territorial Expansion after 1840 • Growth became watchword of America • Land acquired through annexation, negotiation, and war • “Young America” movement and “Manifest Destiny” • Relentless pressure on limits of Indian settlements • Appeal of west as source of expansion • Oregon and California were especially attractive • Migration was mostly a male enterprise • Mormon migration to Utah, 1847

  3. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Overland Trails

  4. Struggle over Texas Annexation • At first, Mexican leaders encouraged U.S. settlement in Texas • Restrictions eventually imposed • Texans declared and won their independence in 1836 • Then petitioned for annexation to the United States • Jackson, then Van Buren, refused to act on annexation • After assuming office upon Harrison’s death, Tyler was ready to move

  5. Struggle over Texas Annexation(cont.) • Annexation treaty negotiated • Defeated by northerners in Congress who opposed expanding slavery • Became an issue in election of 1844 • Democrat James K. Polk ran on explicitly pro-annexationist platform • Both Texas and Oregon • Polk won close election • Tyler interpreted election as mandate for annexation and submitted joint resolution to accomplish it • Texas became fifteenth slave state in March 1845 • Polk peacefully reached compromise with Britain over Oregon in 1846

  6. The Mexican War • Polk provoked to acquire California and New Mexico • First sought to purchase territories from Mexico • Buttress with show of force on Texas-Mexico border • Questionable claims of territorial possession and troop movements • Declaration of war passed in May • Almost all Whigs supported, even though they had doubts • War was stunning and complete American victory

  7. The Mexican War (cont.) • War generated significant opposition at home • Whigs and northeasterners opposed • Wilmot Proviso tried to prevent expansion of slavery into any territory gained from Mexico • Defeated along party line vote in Congress • Framed national debate over slavery for next fifteen years • Question of slavery made peace treaty with Mexico difficult • U. S. Gained California, New Mexico, and favorable Texas boundary • Paid Mexico $15 million in exchange

  8. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Principal Campaigns of the Mexican War, 1846-1847

  9. ©2004 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. Free and Slave States and Territories, 1848

  10. Election of 1848 • Many believed election would settle question of slavery in land gained from Mexico • Field of potential candidates was crowded • Livery Party opposed expansion of slavery and endorsed John P. Hale • John C. Calhoun articulated extreme states’ rights position • James Buchanan was middle ground Democrat • Lewis Cass championed “Popular sovereignty” concept • Democrats nominated Cass • Whigs went with Zachary Taylor • Antislavery Whigs bolted and joined Liberty Party • Free-Soil Party created to oppose slavery, nominating Van Buren • Taylor won with solid southern support and some backing from North

  11. California Gold Rush and Statehood • Discovery of gold accelerated timetable for territorial organization • Complicated by questions of slavery • Southerners wanted unqualified access for slavery • Northerners opposed expansion of slavery into California • Issue heated up even further when Taylor proposed immediate statehood • Would have allowed for free state status, as slavery not then present

  12. Compromise of 1850 • Henry Clay sought to settle several outstanding questions • Paired proposals to unite North and South • California as free state; rest of Mexican cession without restrictions on slavery • Texas boundary settlement to favor New Mexico; assumption of Texas debt • Abolish slave trade in DC; protect slavery there unless Maryland and Virginia consented to abolition • Congress affirmed it had no jurisdiction over interstate slave trade, strong fugitive slave law

  13. Compromise of 1850 (cont.) • Generated numerous speeches in Congress • Most notable from John c. Calhoun, Daniel Webster, William H. Seward • At first, various proposals were lumped together in one bill • Senators and representatives voted against it in order to kill parts they disliked • Stephen Douglas changed tactics and separated the various components • Won support gradually, piece by piece • Helped by death of Taylor and replacement by Millard Fillmore • Not the final settlement its supporters had hoped for

  14. Fugitive Slave Law • Constitution provided for return of escaped slaves, but controversy had always existed over how that was to be accomplished • Antislavery movement hampered state compliance after the 1830s • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) ruled that enforcement was entirely a federal responsibility • Some Northern states passed personal liberty laws to prevent recapture of fugitive slaves

  15. Fugitive Slave Law (cont.) • Northerners who did not necessarily oppose slavery opposed return of fugitives • Southerners saw return as matter of honor and rights • Law created extensive system for capturing and returning runaways • Abolitionists vowed to resist • Even non-abolitionists were shocked at reality of enforcing the law • Led to writing of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1851; published in 1852 • Runaway best-seller • Wide but hostile readership in South • Helped shape an entire generation’s view of slavery

  16. Filibustering and the Quest for Cuba • Target of southern interest as target for expanding slavery • Purchase offer in 1848 rejected by Spain • Southerners sought to foster rebellion on the island • Several efforts in the 1850s failed • Interest rekindled when Franklin Pierce entered White House in 21853 • Another failed purchase effort • Plan to wrest Cuba from Spain instead • Ostend Manifesto, 1854 • Generated international uproar and domestic furor • Issue part of presidential campaign in 1860 and secessionist crisis that followed • South also interested in central America • Exploits of William Walker in Nicaragua Web

More Related