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Page 53 Goal 9

Page 53 Goal 9. New Deal and America. 2 nd New Deal. -programs to continue help for working class Americans and their families - WPA Works Progress Administration employed mostly unskilled workers building roads, airports, schools and libraries.

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Page 53 Goal 9

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  1. Page 53 Goal 9 New Deal and America

  2. 2nd New Deal -programs to continue help for working class Americans and their families -WPA Works Progress Administration employed mostly unskilled workers building roads, airports, schools and libraries By 1935 the Roosevelt administration was seeking ways to build on the programs established during the First Hundred days. Although the economy had improved during Roosevelt’s first two years in office, the gains were not as great as he expected. Unemployment remained high despite government work programs, and production still lagged behind the levels of the 1920s.

  3. More Programs -Social Security Act old age pensions, unemployment, aid to families with children -Rural Electrification Administration

  4. Labor Relations Improve -National Labor Relations Act---(Wagner Act) NLRB right to unionize anti-union practices banned -Fair Labor Standards minimum wage, 40 hour week 25 cents an hour-40 cents by 1945 -Growth of AFL, CIO The National Labor Relations Act (or Wagner Act) is a 1935 United States act that protects the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.

  5. Court Packing -Several New Deal programs ruled unconstitutional AAA, NRA -Roosevelt proposed adding new justices -seen as a threat to checks and balances

  6. By the mid 1930s conservative opposition to the New Deal had received a boost from the Supreme Court. The NIRA was declared unconstitutional because it gave legislative powers to the executive branch. The next year the court struck down the AAA on the grounds that agriculture is a local matter to be regulated by the states. Roosevelt was dismayed by these rulings. Fearing further court decisions that might dismantle the New Deal, he proposed that Congress enact a court-reform bill that would reorganize the federal judiciary and allow him to appoint six new Supreme Court justices. This was quickly labeled the “court packing” bill and it received a storm of protest in Congress and in the press. Many people believed the president violated principles of judicial independence and the separation of powers and this damaged his public image. However unforeseen circumstances would eventually lead to support for the New Deal in the court and President Roosevelt would appoint seven new justices over four years.

  7. Women in the Depression -Eleanor Roosevelt -several women named to high gov’t positions Francis Perkins Sec. Of Labor -working women faced resentment -women’s wages still lower than men -gov’t programs gave preferences to men

  8. African Americans -Mary McLeod Bethune friend of Eleanor Roosevelt established “Black Cabinet” Advised President on education -Concert of Marian Anderson at the Lincoln Memorial -Roosevelt never fully committed to civil rights -African Americans came to support the Democratic Party When the Daughters of the American Revolution chose not to allow Anderson to perform in their concert hall Eleanor Roosevelt arranged for her to perform at the Lincoln Memorial

  9. Art and Literature -many artists displayed the reality of the Depression -Federal Arts Project (WPA) Murals, Paintings -Grant Wood American Gothic -Richard Wright Native Son -John Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath

  10. Radio Entertains the Masses -family entertainment -soap operas -Children’s Programs Green Hornet, Lone Ranger -Variety shows and plays Bob Hope, George Burns Orson Welles “War of the Worlds” Radio broadcast scaring millions

  11. On October 31, 1938, Halloween night, radio listeners were stunned by a special announcement: Martians had invaded Earth! Panic set in as many Americans were convinced that the world was coming to the end. Of course, the story wasn’t true: it was a radio broadcast based on the book by H.G. Wells, The War of the Worlds. In his books Wells describes the canisters of gas fired by the Martians as releasing “an enormous volume of heavy, inky vapour… and the touch of that vapour, the inhaling of its pungent wisps, was death to all that breathes.” The broadcast, produced by Orson Wells, revealed the power of radio at a time when many Americans received fast breaking news over the airwaves.

  12. Entertainment -Marx Brothers -Gangster films - Frank Capra, Jimmy Stewart ”Mr. Smith goes to Washington” ”It’s a wonderful Life”

  13. Motion Pictures Helped people escape the harsh realities of their life -Gone with the Wind, 1939 -Wizard of Oz, 1939 -Snow White and Seven Dwarfs, 1937 First full length animated movie

  14. Snow White, released in 1937, was Walt Disney’s first full length animated feature film. It was also released in Technicolor.

  15. End of the New Deal -”I see 1/3 of a nation ill -housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished”-FDR 1937 -by 1937, some recovery so gov’t pulls back programs and depression returns -opposition grows to continued gov’t control-not solving the depression -international affairs begin to take precedence -New deal has great legacy What is this political cartoon saying about the New Deal and its affect on America?

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