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Addressing Key Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Overview

Addressing Key Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Overview. By Cyneetha Strong, MD May 19, 2012. Cardiovascular Disease - definition. Diseases and conditions pertaining to the heart and vascular (blood vessels) system

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Addressing Key Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Overview

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  1. Addressing Key Cardiovascular Risk Factors: An Overview By Cyneetha Strong, MD May 19, 2012

  2. Cardiovascular Disease - definition • Diseases and conditions pertaining to the heart and vascular (blood vessels) system • Primarily includes heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure • May also include arrhythmias, PVD , ESRD, congenital heart defects

  3. Definitions • Myocardial infarction – “heart attack” – damage to the heart caused by block blood vessels • Congestive heart failure – heart becomes weak and unable to pump enough blood and oxygen throughout the body to meet it’s needs • Stroke – damage to the brain from blocked blood vessel in the brain • High blood pressure – increased force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries (140/90 mmHg or higher). This causes the heart to work too hard, increasing risk of heart disease and stroke

  4. Definitions • Arrhythmias – irregular heart rhythms • PVD (peripheral vascular disease) – narrowing of blood vessels in the legs resulting in pain and decreased blood flow – “poor blood circulation” • ESRD (end stage renal disease) – kidney failure requiring dialysis or kidney transplant

  5. Did you know? • Heart disease is the #1 killer in the US, causing more deaths than cancer, lung disease, accidents and diabetes combined. • Nearly 2400 Americans die of CVD every day • 1 death every 37 seconds, 100 this hour • Estimated direct and indirect cost of CVD for $475.3 billion. • 38% women, 25% men die within 1 year of heart attack

  6. Heart Disease – Risk Factors (Can’t be changed) • Age • Family History • Race

  7. Heart Disease – Risk factors Modifiable (Can be changed) • Smoking • High blood pressure • High blood cholesterol • Physical inactivity • Obesity or overweight • Diabetes

  8. Multipler Effect: Risk Factors for Heart Disease

  9. What you can do • Don’t smoke and avoid second hand smoke • Male smokers die 13.2 years earlier than nonsmokers • Female smokers die 14.5 years earlier than nonsmokers • 35% of deaths from smoking related to CVD • Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke have 25-30% increase risk of heart disease • Get regular exercise • Aim to get at least150 minutes of cardio per week (30 minutes 5 times a week) • 10,000 steps daily • Add activity to everyday life • Know your numbers • Blood pressure, cholesterol, blood glucose

  10. What you can do • Eat a heart healthy diet • Low in saturated fats, trans fats, sodium, cholesterol • Include whole grains, vegetables, fruit, healthy fats • Maintain a healthy weight • Know your BMI (Body Mass Index) • Ask your doctor about your ideal weight • 5-10% loss of body weight produces risk reduction • See your doctor for regular exams • Take medication as prescribed

  11. Numbers for a Healthy Heart • Blood pressure • Normal = 120/80 or less • Pre-hypertension = between 120/80 and 140/90 • High blood pressure = 140/90 or higher • Over 40% of Black American adults have high blood pressure. • The prevalence of high blood pressure in Blacks Americans the highest in the world, and it is increasing. • Highest rates of high blood pressure in those who are middle-age or older, overweight or obese, physically inactive, diabetic, and less educated.

  12. Numbers for a Healthy Heart • Cholesterol • Total – 200 or less • LDL- “lousy”/bad cholesterol – 130 or less • HDL – “happy”/good – the higher the better Increased risks if less than 40 for men, less than 50 for women • Triglycerides – less than 150, the lower the better • A 10% decrease in total cholesterol may result in a 30% reduction in heart disease • Less than half of people needing treatment for cholesterol are receiving it. • Less than one third of those being treated are at goal, less than 20% of CHD patients at goal

  13. Numbers for a Healthy Heart • Blood Glucose • Normal – less than 100 fasting • Pre-diabetes – fasting blood sugar 100-126 • Diabetes – more than 126 fasting(two separate occasions), or more than 200 random • At least 65% of people with diabetes die of heart disease or stroke. • 30% of people with diabetes are unaware they have it.

  14. Resources • American Heart Association • Heart Disease & Stroke Statistics-2009 Update • www.americanheart.org • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion • www.cdc.gov/omh/AMH/factsheets/cardio.htm. • The Office of Minority Health • www.omh.gov • The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute • www.nhlbi.gov

  15. Remember… • If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him. James 1:5 • Trust in the Lord with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths. Proverbs 3:5-6

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