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Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics. Chapter 4. Section 1 Vocabulary. Inside the Earth Crust Mantle Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Tectonic Plate. The composition of the earth. The Crust 5-100km thick Thinnest layer Two types Continental Oceanic Made of…. The composition of the earth.

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Plate Tectonics

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  1. Plate Tectonics Chapter 4

  2. Section 1 Vocabulary • Inside the Earth • Crust • Mantle • Core • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Mesosphere • Tectonic Plate

  3. The composition of the earth • The Crust • 5-100km thick • Thinnest layer • Two types • Continental • Oceanic • Made of…

  4. The composition of the earth • The Mantle • Thicker • Most of the mass • Crust too thick • Observations • Ocean floor • Made of…

  5. The Composition of the earth • The Core • Mantle to the core • Made of… • Not made of.. • 1/3 of the Earth’s mass

  6. The Physical structure of the earth • Five layers • Inner Core • Solid, dense • Outer Core • Liquid layer • Mesosphere • Strong • Asthenosphere • Plastic layer • Lithosphere • Tectonic plates

  7. Tectonic plates • Names of the plates • Fit together • Difference • Ocean • Continent • Plates include… • Like ice cubes

  8. Mapping of the earth’s interior • Never drilled through the crust • Seismic waves • Seismographs

  9. Section 2 Vocabulary • Restless Continents • Continental Drift • Sea-floor Spreading

  10. Wegener’s Continental Drift hypothesis • Alfred Wegener • Continental Drift • Fit together • Similar types of rocks and climatic conditions

  11. The breakup of pangaea • Observations • Single, huge continent (supercontinent) • 245 million years ago • Laurasia and Gondwana (180 million years ago)

  12. Section 3 Vocabulary • The Theory of Plate Tectonics • Plate tectonics • Convergent Boundary • Divergent Boundary • Transform Boundary

  13. Tectonic Plate Boundaries • Plates Touch • Three Types • Convergent Boundary • Divergent Boundary • Transform Boundary • How they move • earthquakes

  14. Convergent Boundary • Collide • Kind of crust • Three Types

  15. Divergent Boundary • Separate • New Sea Floor • Mid-Ocean Ridges

  16. Transform Boundaries • Slide Past Each other horizontally • San Andreas Fault

  17. Possible Causes of tectonic Plate Motion • Plate Tectonic Theory • Solid Rock Flows • Changes in Density • Thermal Energy • Three possible causes

  18. Three Causes of tectonic Plate Motion • Ridge Push • Convection • Slab Pull

  19. Tracking Tectonic Plate motion • Type and Shape of the plate • Interacts with Plates • So Slow and Gradual • GPS • Radio Signals

  20. Section 4 • Deforming the Earth’s Crust Vocabulary • Compression • Tension • Folding • Fault • Uplift • Subsidence

  21. Deformation • Spaghetti • Bending • Breaking • Rock Layers • Stress

  22. Compression and tension • Compression • Squeezed or Collided • Convergent • Mountain Ranges • Tension • Stretch • Divergent • Mid-Ocean Ridge

  23. Folding • Bending of Rock Layers • Horizontal layers • Types of Folds • Anticlines • Synclines • Monocline • Different sizes

  24. Faulting • Stress is applied • Fault Blocks • Hanging wall and footwall • Two Types • Normal fault • Reverse fault

  25. Two Types of faults • Normal fault • Tension Pull Rocks Apart • Reverse Faults • Compression that pushes rocks together

  26. Telling the Difference between faults • Look at the order of sedimentary rock layers • Compare the two dark layers

  27. Strike-Slip Faults • Third Type of Fault • Opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally • Move left or right • San Andreas Fault

  28. Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building • Plates Collide • Land features start as… • Can become … • Mountains exist • Andes Mountains • Compression or tension

  29. Three different kinds of mountains • Folded Mountains • Highest • Convergent (collide) • Appalachian Mtns. • Fault-Block Mountains • Tension • Drop Down • Tilted up • Volcanic Mountains • Major (Convergent) • Sinks • Islands • Ring of Fire

  30. Uplift and Subsidence • Vertical Movements • Uplift • Higher elevations • May or May Not Be Deformed • Subsidence • Sinking • No Deformation

  31. Uplift and Sibsidence • Uplifting of Depressed Rock • Formation of Mtns. • Without Deformation • Rebound • Weight removed • Subsidence of Cooler Rock • Hot More Space • Less Volume (Subsides) • Tectonic Letdown • Stretched rift zones • Stress

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