Integration of the SPOT code into CRONOS for Burning Plasma studies

1. Integration of the SPOT code into CRONOS for Burning Plasma studies On behalf of the CRONOS team: J.F. Artaud, V. Basiuk, F. Imbeaux, M. Schneider In collaboration with L.-G. Eriksson Association EURATOM-CEA, CEA/DSM/DRFC CEA-Cadarache, F-13108 St. Paul lez Durance, France • The CRONOS transport code • Interpretative/predictive CRONOS simulations • SPOT: a code for burning plasma modelling • SPOT/CRONOS & SPOT/DELPHINE couplings • Example of SPOT/DELPHINE simulation • Summary & outlook Other CRONOS contributors: T. Aniel, A. Bécoulet, G. Giruzzi, G.T. Hoang, G. Huysmans, X. Litaudon, D. Mazon, D. Moreau. Y. Peysson, P. Thomas Acknowledgments: W.A. Houlberg

2. The CRONOS Transport Code • Integrated modelling of: • Heat, particles, rotation: • transport equations • source modules • transport models (GLF23,Weiland, Bohm/gyro-Bohm…) • Current profiles:  Current diffusion equation • Plasma equilibrium:  2D magnetic equilibrium code • Special events:  MHD, pellets, ELMs • Real-time control • Predictive or interpretative modelling • Reconstruction of diagnostic output • Post-processing tools : • MHD stability • Gyrokinetic stability calculations, … Ref. [Basiuk et al., Nuclear Fusion 43 (2003)]

3. The CRONOS platform Input parameters Impurities, radiations, ITC Equilibrium solver HELENA Self- consistent coupling Fusion power,a particle dynamics, SPOT Sawteeth, ELMs, recon- nections Pellet injection, GLAQUELC Transport coefficients: NCLASS... LH wave propag. & absorp., el. distrib. func. DELPHINE+DKE Transport solver tt+Dt (1.5D) MHD stability, MISHKA ICRF wave propagation, resonating ion distrib. function, PION Linear stability, gyrokinetics, KINEZERO NBI deposition & distrib. function, SINBAD Model of plasma for edge+SOL, (SOL-ONE) Simulation output ECRF wave propagation, REMA

4. CRONOS & databases User-friendly graphic interface (MATLAB): Specific databases Generator any machine ITPA database JET FTU TCV TS prescribed geometry & scheme READOUT with MDS+ TPROF ZJET / JAMS CRONOS simulation ZFTU ZTCV Pre-processing Experimental data converted into standard data structure readable by CRONOS. First step towards a basic interface of EU Task Force Modelling.

5. DINA / CRONOS coupling • CRONOS: prescribed evolving boundary code • DINA: free boundary evolution Both recently coupled via MATLAB + SIMULINK interface (for dynamic systems). Integrated platform for ITER simulations. Test bed for EU Integrated Tokamak modelling. POLOIDAL COIL CONTROLLER Magnetic fields, fluxes Simulated diagnostic data References References Cronos data DINA CRONOS Equilibrium cf. EPS contrib. S.H. Kim et al.

6. CRONOS interpretative simulation 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.1 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 IP JET shot with ITB #53521, t = 5.5 s INI Currents (MA) IBOOT ILHCD INBCD 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 MSE angles (rad) Li .....Measured — Simulated Magn. meas. VLOOP ..⃝..Measured -- Simulated 0.1 0.05 0 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 Major radius (m) X. Litaudon et al., Nucl. Fusion 44 (2002) Faraday ang. (rad) ..⃝..Measured -- Simulated CRONOS is able to repro- duce diagnostic signals. 6 8 10 12 t (s)

7. 3 4 5 2 1 3 4 5 2 1 CRONOS predictive simulation Current ramp-up in ITER steady-state scenario 4: W.A. Houlberg et al., Subm. to Nucl. (2005) Purpose: Simulation of ITB with off-axis current drive. Regime with improved confinement lost after 60 s.

8. SPOT: short description • Orbit following Monte Carlo code, follows guiding • centre orbits using Boozer coordinates. • Collisions: • Simulated by periodically applying Monte Carlo • operators along the orbit, inducing spatial transport. • Finite orbit width effects: • Anisotropy, current drive. • New operators for interaction RF waves  fast ions • (L.-G. Eriksson & M. Schneider, Physics of Plasmas 2005) • Computing time reduction: • Acceleration of collisions • Weighting scheme for low energy particles, ... • Input / output with CRONOS

9. tC+Dt CRONOS tC SPOT Pae,i,ja,... Equilibrium ne,i, Te,i... Integration of SPOT into CRONOS Self-consistent simulations of the evolution of a particles dynamics & thermal plasma performance. • Input: equilibrium, density, temperature profiles... Evolution of a distribution for a time step. • Output: transfered power, pressure a current... Supplied to plasma transport equations & equilibrium for next time step.

10. Ray-tracing:  k//, k at each (R,Z) Z 1.5 1 0.5 0 -0.5 -1 Element of power DPp 2 3 4 R Self-consistent coupling of SPOT with DELPHINE ray-tracing START DELPHINE to calculate DPp(Rp,Zp) Input from transport code SPOT to advance a distrib. to t = t + Dt DELPHINE to determine Rp, Zp positions Send results to transport code SPOT to evaluate a distrib. and anti-Hermitian part of ea(Rp,Zp) END

11.  104 PLH absorbed by a’s (W/m3) Results for an ITER Q=5 scenario Steady-state scenario 4: • Plasma current: Ip = 9 MA • Toroidal magn. field: BT=5.1 T • 40 rays with: PLH = 20 MW • LH frequency: fLH = 3.7 GHz • Total LH power absorbed • by alphas: ~3%. • 3.7 GHz klystrons cannot • be ruled out in ITER. • Effects to add in the future: • magnetic field ripple • interaction with toroïdal Alfvénic modes

12. Summary • CRONOS: • General transport code composed of integrated modules for specific physical processes. • Interfaces to experimental signals & diagnostic post-processing. • Newly coupled with the DINA equilibrium code within SIMULINK interface to run free boundary equilibrium. • User-friendly interface All acquired expertise will contribute to the EU Integrated • Tokamak Modelling (platform, architecture, ...) • SPOT: • Integrated with CRONOS transport code • Self-consistently coupled with DELPHINE ray-tracing Self-consistent simulations of a particles with evolution of plasma dynamics, equilibrium, and RF wave propagation.

13. Outlook • CRONOS: • Coupling with other tokamak databases • Coupling with CEDRES equilibrium code • Integration of ITC code for impurity transport • Integration of models for edge plasmas • Integration of a full-wave for FWCD and FWEH • SPOT: • Add operator of stochastic diffusion for magnetic field ripple • Parallelization of the code • Coupling with NBI for modelling D,T distribution functions • Self-consistent coupling with a full-wave for ICRH.