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2 . Introduction

Term 332. EE 2 010: Signals and Systems Analysis. 2 . Introduction. Dr. Mujahed Al- Dhaifallah. Dr. Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah د. مجاهد آل ضيف الله. Office: Dean Office. E-mail: muja2007hed@gmail.com Telephone: 7842983 Office Hours: SMT, 1:30 – 2:30 PM, or by appointment.

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2 . Introduction

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  1. Term 332 EE2010: Signals and Systems Analysis 2. Introduction Dr. MujahedAl-Dhaifallah Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  2. Dr. Mujahed Al-Dhaifallahد. مجاهد آل ضيف الله • Office: Dean Office. • E-mail: muja2007hed@gmail.com • Telephone: 7842983 • Office Hours: SMT, 1:30 – 2:30 PM, or by appointment Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  3. Rules and Regulations • No make up quizzes • DN grade == 25% unexcused absences • Homework Assignments are due to the beginning of the lectures. • Absence is not an excuse for not submitting the Homework. Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  4. Grading Policy • Exam 1 (10%), • Exam 2 (15%) • Final Exam (60%), • Quizzes (5%) • HWs (5%) • Attendance & class participation (5%), penalty for late attendance • Note: No absence, late homework submission allowed without genuine excuse. Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  5. Attendance • Regular lecture attendance is required. There will be part of the grade on attendance • If you missed any class or tutorial, you are still responsible for anything you miss—announcements, quizzes, etc.

  6. Quizzes • Announced • After each HW. From HW material

  7. Assignment Requirements • Late assignments will not be accepted. • assignments are due at the beginning of lecture. • Sloppy or disorganized work will adversely affect your grade.

  8. Exams • Attendance is mandatory. • Make-up exam are not given unless • a valid, documented emergency has arisen

  9. Homework • Send me e-mail • Subject Line: “EE 2010 Student”

  10. The Course Goal The aim of this course is to provide an understanding of the fundamentals and analysis of electric circuits. Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  11. Course Objectives After successfully completing the course, the students will be able to • Understand the fundamental concepts of electric circuits. • Understand the main circuit elements including energy storage elements. • Learn the different circuit analysis techniques. • Obtain the equivalent circuits and find out the conditions of maximum power transfer. • Apply analysis techniques to sinusoidal circuits. • Evaluate the power in sinusoidal circuits. Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  12. Textbooks • Introductory Circuit Analysis • Robert Boylestad

  13. Course Syllabus • Introductory material: Introduction • Basic circuit elements and concepts: Current, Voltage, Resistance. Chapters (2 and 3) • Basic laws of circuit theory: Ohm's law, Power and Energy. Devices: Battery, Power Supply, Multi-meters, Circuit Breakers (Chapter 4) • Series Circuits, Kirchhoff's Voltage law. (Chapter 5) Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  14. Course Outlines • Parallel Circuits, Kirchhoff's Current law (Chapter 6) • Series - Parallel Circuits. (Chapter 7) • Techniques of circuit analysis: Source transformation, nodal and mesh analysis. (Chapter 8) • Circuit theorems: superposition principle, Thevenin and Norton theorems; maximum power transfer theorem. (Chapter 9) Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  15. Course Outlines • Capacitors, Inductors, Series and Parallel connection. (Chapters 10 and 12) • Sinusoidal Source, Complex Numbers, Frequency Domain (Phasor) Circuit. (Chapters 13 and 14). Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  16. Current, Voltage and Resistance EE 2010: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Mujahed AlDhaifallah

  17. Atoms and their structure

  18. Atomic Structure • Mass of an Electron = 9.11 x 10-28 gm. • Mass of a Proton = 1.672 x 10-24 gm. • Proton is ~1836 times heavier than the electron

  19. Atomic Structure • Unit of Charge = Coulombs • Charge on electron = charge on a proton = 1.6 x 10-19 C • 1 Coulomb = Charge on 6.242 x 1018 electrons

  20. Coulomb’s Law • Like charges repel, opposites attract • F = k Q1 Q2 / r2 • k = 9 x 109 (units?)

  21. Coulomb’s Law • Like charges repel, opposites attract • F = k Q1 Q2 / r2 • K = 9 x 109 N m2/C2

  22. Conduction • In metals, the electrons are “more free” than the insulators. • Whenever there is a charge present at one end, the electrons flow to (or away) from that charge.

  23. Current • Rate of flow of charge • 1 Amp = 1 Coulomb / 1 Second.

  24. Question • If a laptop constantly needs 2 Amps current from a battery, how many electrons are drained from the battery in one hour? • 1 Amp = 6.242 x 1018 electrons/second • 2 Amp = 12.484 x 1018 electrons/second • In one hour - > 3600 x 12.484 x 1018 electrons • Answer is 4.49 x 1022 electrons

  25. Question • What’s the weight of all those electrons? • 4.49 x 1022 x 9.11 x 10-28 gm • 4.09 x 10-5 gm

  26. Equations • I = Q/ t • Q = I x t • t = Q/I

  27. Examples • Find the current in amperes if 650 C of charge pass through a wire in 50 s. • If 465 C of charge pass through a wire in 2.5 min, find the current in amperes. • If a current of 40 A exists for 1 min, how many coulombs of charge have passed through the wire? Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  28. Example • Consider the plot of net positive charge moving past a point shown in Fig. Over the time interval 1 s ≤ t ≤ 3 s. Find i(t) Al-Dhaifallah_Term332

  29. Potential • Every particle of mass m raised to a height h above the earth’s surface has a potential energy m.g.h • This potential energy can be raised by raising the particle a little higher • When the particle is set free, it travels to the point of least potential.

  30. Electric Potential • Similarly, a charge wants to travel to a lower “electric” potential. • A negative charge on the other hand, wants to travel to a higher potential. • Each point in a circuit has a potential.

  31. Voltage • Voltage is always measured between two points. • It is defined as the difference of potential between the two points. • Measured in volts

  32. Volts • 1 volt is defined as the potential difference, which results in an energy exchange of 1 Joule due to the movement of 1 Coulomb across it.

  33. DC Voltage Supply

  34. Conductivity • Copper is the most popular conductor.

  35. Resistance • Resistance is proportional to length length direction of current flow

  36. Resistance • Resistance is inversely proportional to the cross sectional area direction of current flow

  37. Resistance • R = ρL/A • ρ is the resistivity of the material (units?)

  38. Color Coding • 5 Bands of code (3 are mandatory) • Bands 1 - 3  the value of the resistor • Band 4  the range (tolerance) • Band 5  the reliability

  39. Color Code (Band 1-3)

  40. Example 2 6 x 103 = 26 K Ohms

  41. Band 3 (special cases) • Gold = 0.1 • Red Blue Gold = 2.6 Ohm • Silver = 0.01 • Red Blue Silver = 0.26 Ohm

  42. More Bands

  43. Example = 26 K Ohms ± 5%, 1 in 100,000 fails after 1000 hrs of use

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